Ensuring Food Safety: Hazards and Control of Residues and Contaminants in Food

A special issue of Foods (ISSN 2304-8158). This special issue belongs to the section "Food Toxicology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 December 2025 | Viewed by 2664

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Chemistry and Physics, Research Centre for Mediterranean Intensive Agrosystems and Agrifood Biotechnology (CIAIMBITAL), Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), University of Almeria, E-04120 Almeria, Spain
Interests: pesticides; bioactive compounds; natural toxins; miniaturization; sample preparation; liquid chromatography; ion mobility spectrometry; mass spectrometry; green solvents; sustainable analytical methods; food safety

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Guest Editor
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Av. Fuente Nueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
Interests: pesticides; antibiotics; natural toxins; sample preparation; miniaturization; capillary electrophoresis; liquid chromatography; mass spectrometry

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The presence of residues and contaminants in food poses significant risks to public health. Key hazards include chemical residues such as heavy metals, pesticides, drugs and plasticizers, as well as biological agents like natural toxins (plant toxins, mycotoxins and phycotoxins). These contaminants can lead to acute health effects to chronic diseases, making their control essential for food safety. Understanding cross-contamination and the co-occurrence of these contaminants is essential for assessing emerging risks.

To address this issue, there is a need for developing novel analytical methods for their determination as food samples. Less-investigated matrices, like nutraceuticals and dietary supplements, are particularly important given their rising consumption. Moreover, trends in Green Analytical Chemistry encourage the use of sustainable methodologies. We invite researchers to share their innovative findings in this Special Issue to deepen knowledge related to food safety.

Dr. Laura Carbonell-Rozas
Prof. Dr. Monsalud Del Olmo-Iruela
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • natural toxins
  • pesticides
  • veterinary drugs
  • plasticizers and microplastics
  • advanced analytical methodologies
  • miniaturized sample treatments
  • Green Analytical Chemistry
  • occurrence in food
  • food samples
  • nutraceuticals and dietary supplements

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 664 KB  
Article
Occurrence and Health Risk Assessment of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Yogurt Across Lebanese Governorates
by Sandra Sarkis, Maha Hoteit, Nikolaos Tzenios, Tony Tannous, Mireille Harmouche-Karaki, Khalil Helou and Joseph Matta
Foods 2025, 14(20), 3472; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14203472 - 11 Oct 2025
Viewed by 582
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent environmental pollutants of emerging concern due to their widespread use and potential adverse health effects. This study assessed the concentrations of key PFAS compounds in yogurt samples collected from eleven Lebanese governorates. Results revealed notable geographic [...] Read more.
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent environmental pollutants of emerging concern due to their widespread use and potential adverse health effects. This study assessed the concentrations of key PFAS compounds in yogurt samples collected from eleven Lebanese governorates. Results revealed notable geographic variability, with the Bekaa region exhibiting the highest PFAS levels, particularly PFHpA, PFOA, PFHxS, PFOS, and PFPeA, while Jbeil showed the lowest concentrations. Health risk assessment using estimated daily intake (EDI), risk quotients (RQ), and cumulative hazard index (HI) indicated all individual compound exposures below established safety thresholds. However, elevated RQs for PFOS and PFOA and an average HI of 0.71 suggest potential chronic exposure concerns in high-burden regions. These findings emphasize the importance of continued monitoring and risk management to protect public health and inform environmental policies addressing PFAS contamination in Lebanon. Full article
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17 pages, 671 KB  
Article
Application of Targeted and Suspect Screening Workflows for Cyclic Peptide Cyanotoxin Profiling in Spirulina- and Klamath-Based Food Supplements
by Laura Carbonell-Rozas, M. Mar Aparicio-Muriana, Roberto Romero-González, Antonia Garrido Frenich, Ana M. García-Campaña and Monsalud del Olmo-Iruela
Foods 2025, 14(17), 2969; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14172969 - 26 Aug 2025
Viewed by 1570
Abstract
Spirulina (Arthrospira spp.) and klamath (Aphanizomenon flos-aquae) are widely consumed cyanobacteria-based food supplements valued for their nutritional and health-promoting properties. However, these products are susceptible to contamination by cyanotoxins, which are potent toxins produced by co-occurring cyanobacteria that may pose [...] Read more.
Spirulina (Arthrospira spp.) and klamath (Aphanizomenon flos-aquae) are widely consumed cyanobacteria-based food supplements valued for their nutritional and health-promoting properties. However, these products are susceptible to contamination by cyanotoxins, which are potent toxins produced by co-occurring cyanobacteria that may pose health risks to consumers. In this study, we applied an integrated targeted and suspect screening approach to comprehensively assess the presence of cyanotoxins in commercial spirulina- and klamath-based food supplements. Targeted analysis was performed using UHPLC-QqQ under dynamic multiple reaction-monitoring conditions optimized for the determination of twelve cyclic peptide cyanotoxins. Suspect screening was conducted using high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) with a Q-Orbitrap analyser, applying a specific workflow to detect additional related compounds lacking analytical standards. The method enabled the detection and identification of multiple cyanotoxins, including microcystins, nodularin, and anabaenopeptins. The combination of targeted and suspect workflows allowed for a broader coverage of potential related cyanotoxins. Several cyanotoxins were detected in a klamath-based supplement, with high concentrations of microcystin-RR, while additional variants were identified through suspect screening. These findings highlight the need for routine monitoring and stricter regulatory oversight of cyanobacteria-based supplements to ensure consumer safety. Full article
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