Biobased and Biodegradable Packaging Materials: Preparation, Characterization and Application in the Food Industry

A special issue of Foods (ISSN 2304-8158). This special issue belongs to the section "Food Packaging and Preservation".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 March 2026 | Viewed by 3629

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Basic and Experimental Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Interests: food science; biomaterials; biodegradable films and coatings; 3D food printing; green bioprocesses; antimicrobial compounds; food waste and agroindustrial byproducts; circular economy
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Guest Editor
São Carlos Insitute of Chemistry, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
Interests: biodegradable packaging; biomembranes; biomaterials; extrusion; agroindustrial residues; active films; active compounds; 3D printing; additive manufacturing; green technologies; polysaccharides

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The ideal packaging materials for food are recyclable, biodegradable and compostable. Their main function is to protect food from environmental influences, ensure its safety, maintain its quality and extend its shelf life, thus reducing food loss and waste. Packaging also facilitates transportation and storage, provides important consumer information and supports product marketing.

Biobased and biodegradable food packaging has gained attention as a viable alternative to petrochemical materials, particularly for single-use applications, driven by growing environmental concerns and the demand for sustainable solutions. This is the focus of this Special Issue and we invite contributions on innovative materials and technologies in this area of research.

This Special Issue highlights key advances in biobased and biodegradable packaging materials, including their production, characterization and application in the food industry. It includes research and review studies on the production, characterization and use of materials such as films, labels, foams and coatings; the development of active and intelligent films for food applications; and the biodegradation and biodisintegration of these materials.

We hope that these contributions will enrich the ongoing scientific debate on biobased and biodegradable packaging materials.

Dr. Ana Elizabeth Cavalcante Fai
Prof. Dr. Bianca Chieregato Maniglia
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • biobased materials
  • biodegradable polymers
  • film
  • coating
  • foams
  • biobased packaging
  • food packaging
  • edible packaging
  • active and intelligent packaging
  • smart tags

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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21 pages, 3531 KB  
Article
Preservation of Anthocyanins in Postharvest Grapes Through Carboxymethyl Chitosan Films Containing Citrus Essential Oil Emulsion via Enzymatic Regulation
by Xinye Wu, Haiying Wang, Yuan Zhou, Wei Xi, Yiqin Zhang, Shanshan Li, Jiaying Tang, Suqing Li, Qing Zhang, Yaowen Liu, Jingming Li, Mingrui Chen and Wen Qin
Foods 2025, 14(12), 2015; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14122015 - 6 Jun 2025
Viewed by 558
Abstract
Carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) exhibits excellent film-forming capability but suffers from limited water resistance. To enhance hydrophobicity and antimicrobial properties, citrus essential oil was emulsified directly with citrus pectin and dispersed into the CMCS matrix. This study investigated the effects of varying emulsion concentrations [...] Read more.
Carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) exhibits excellent film-forming capability but suffers from limited water resistance. To enhance hydrophobicity and antimicrobial properties, citrus essential oil was emulsified directly with citrus pectin and dispersed into the CMCS matrix. This study investigated the effects of varying emulsion concentrations (0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 wt%) on film performance. FT-IR, XRD, and SEM analyses confirmed uniform emulsion distribution within the CMCS matrix with favorable compatibility. Increased emulsion loading improved water resistance, antioxidant activity, and antimicrobial efficacy of the CMCS-based films, with the 3% emulsion concentration achieving optimal mechanical strength (TS: 4.09 MPa, EAB: 144.47%) and water vapor permeability (1.30 × 10−10 g·m·(Pa·s·m2)−1). Applied to grape preservation, the films significantly delayed quality deterioration of grapes. Furthermore, by modulating the activity of enzymes involved in anthocyanin metabolism, the films could effectively extend the shelf life of grapes by suppressing the oxidative degradation of anthocyanins. Full article
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18 pages, 14439 KB  
Article
Preparation, Physicochemical Properties, Biological Activity of a Multifunctional Composite Film Based on Zein/Citric Acid Loaded with Grape Seed Extract and Its Application in Solid Lipid Packaging
by Ning Wang, Jiaxin Wei, Cuntang Wang and Jian Ren
Foods 2025, 14(10), 1698; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14101698 - 11 May 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 712
Abstract
Development of bio-based active packaging systems for lipid stabilization presents critical importance in preserving lipid integrity and ensuring food safety. Zein/citric acid (Z/CA) composite films containing grape seed ethanol extract (GSEE) (0–8% w/w) were prepared by the solvent casting method. The structural, [...] Read more.
Development of bio-based active packaging systems for lipid stabilization presents critical importance in preserving lipid integrity and ensuring food safety. Zein/citric acid (Z/CA) composite films containing grape seed ethanol extract (GSEE) (0–8% w/w) were prepared by the solvent casting method. The structural, functional, and environmental properties of the films, including physical and chemical properties, mechanical properties, antioxidant capacity, antibacterial activity, oxidation inhibition effect, and biodegradability, were comprehensively characterized and evaluated. Progressive GSEE enrichment significantly enhanced film thickness (p < 0.05), hydrophobicity, and total phenolic content, while increasing water vapor permeability by 61.29%. Antioxidant capacity demonstrated radical scavenging enhancements of 83.75% (DPPH) and 89.33% (ABTS) at maximal GSEE loading compared to control films. Mechanical parameters exhibited inverse proportionality to GSEE concentration, with tensile strength and elongation at break decreasing by 28.13% and 59.43%, respectively. SEM microstructural analysis revealed concentration-dependent increases in surface asperity and cross-sectional phase heterogeneity. Antimicrobial assays demonstrated selective bacteriostatic effects against Gram-negative pathogens. Notably, the composite film containing 6 wt% GSEE had a remarkable restraining effect on the oxidation of lard. The soil degradation experiment has confirmed that the Z/CA/GSEE composite film can achieve obvious degradation within 28 days. The above results indicate that the Z/CA/GSEE composite material emerges as a promising candidate for sustainable active food packaging applications. Full article
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13 pages, 2460 KB  
Article
Sustainable Absorbent Pads from Polybutylene Adipate Terephthalate/Thermoplastic Starch Films Combined with Hairy Basil (Ocimum basilicum) Powder to Enhance Meat Shelf Life
by Fuengnapha Khunta, Korakot Charoensri, Rineta Pertiwi Nurhadi, Nattinee Bumbudsanpharoke, Pontree Itkor, Youn-Suk Lee and Athip Boonsiriwit
Foods 2025, 14(9), 1525; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14091525 - 26 Apr 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 587
Abstract
This research developed a biodegradable absorbent pad using polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) and thermoplastic starch (TPS) films, combined with hairy basil (Ocimum basilicum) seed powder (HBP) to extend the shelf life of fresh pork during cold storage. To form the biocomposite [...] Read more.
This research developed a biodegradable absorbent pad using polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) and thermoplastic starch (TPS) films, combined with hairy basil (Ocimum basilicum) seed powder (HBP) to extend the shelf life of fresh pork during cold storage. To form the biocomposite film, PBAT was blended with TPS in ratios of 100:0, 90:10, 70:30, and 50:50. The PBAT:TPS ratio of 70:30 (PB7T3) was the most suitable in terms of mechanical properties and water permeation. Therefore, PB7T3 was selected to fabricate the absorbent pad for extending the shelf life of fresh pork during cold storage. For the storage test, 100 g of pork pieces was placed in PET trays (12 cm × 12 cm), each containing a different absorbent: the control (no pad), a commercial absorbent pad, and the PB7T3 absorbent pad. The pork samples were stored at 4 °C for 8 days and analyzed for color change, total plate count (TPC), total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), pH, and drip loss on days 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8. The results indicated that the PB7T3 absorbent pad effectively extended the shelf life of fresh pork compared to the control, with no significant difference compared to the commercial absorbent pad made from plastic. This research opens new avenues for developing sustainable absorbent pads, contributing to reduced reliance on conventional non-biodegradable plastics. Full article
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Review

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15 pages, 1650 KB  
Review
Policy Gaps and Opportunities in Bio-Based Plastics: Implications for Sustainable Food Packaging
by Walter Leal Filho, Jelena Barbir, Madhavi Venkatesan, Amanda Lange Salvia, Andrea Dobri, Neda Bošković, João Henrique Paulino Pires Eustachio, Ian Ingram and Maria Alzira Pimenta Dinis
Foods 2025, 14(11), 1955; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14111955 - 30 May 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1364
Abstract
The increasing use of bio-based and/or biodegradable plastics reflects a global push towards more sustainable materials. In the context of food packaging, where plastic waste and contamination risks are acute, these materials offer promising alternatives. However, the transition is complex, requiring coordinated regulatory [...] Read more.
The increasing use of bio-based and/or biodegradable plastics reflects a global push towards more sustainable materials. In the context of food packaging, where plastic waste and contamination risks are acute, these materials offer promising alternatives. However, the transition is complex, requiring coordinated regulatory interventions and lifecycle assessments (LCA) to avoid unintended environmental and health consequences. This paper outlines the pressing need for policies that guide the development and deployment of bio-based plastics in food-related applications. It provides a policy-oriented synthesis focused on Europe and discusses recent concerns such as toxicity, end-of-life impacts, and food safety. The study draws from the literature review and regulatory analysis to suggest policy mechanisms that can accelerate safe, circular solutions in food packaging. Methodologically, this communication uses qualitative synthesis of scientific and regulatory data to assess gaps and align innovations with sustainability targets. Full article
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