Exploring Fermentation Strategies for the Valorization of Food By-Products and Their Bioactive Potential

A special issue of Fermentation (ISSN 2311-5637). This special issue belongs to the section "Fermentation for Food and Beverages".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 January 2026 | Viewed by 1057

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Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Food and Biotech Lab, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Ave. General Ramón Corona 2514, Zapopan 45138, Jalisco, México
Interests: cloning; food microbiology; microbial molecular biology; biotechnology; microbiology; PCR; food microbiology and safety; food safety; food science and technology; antimicrobials
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The process of fermentation via microorganisms (e.g., fungi and lactic acid bacteria) has been used for centuries to improve the nutritional value of foods. There is a growing interest in utilizing fruit and food by-products as sources of bioactive substances for functional food development, disease prevention, and overall health improvement. Fermentation methods such as submerged fermentation (SmF) and solid-state fermentation (SSF) have emerged as novel strategies for the valorization of by-products, enabling the production of microbial enzymes, the extraction of bioactive compounds, and the enrichment of nutritional profiles, while also improving the bioactivity of these compounds. Despite the potential of these methods, there is limited research on optimizing specific fermentation parameters and conditions, while the comparison of submerged fermentation (SmF) and solid-state fermentation (SSF) remains insufficiently studied. Further investigation is also needed regarding indigenous and less-studied microorganisms with enhanced fermentative capabilities and bioactive compound production. Although some studies have noted the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of fermented food by-products, comprehensive evaluations of their health benefits are still lacking, as is information related to the mechanisms that enhance the extraction and bioavailability of bioactive compounds post-fermentation. Additionally, the environmental benefits of utilizing food by-products in these fermentation processes remain unexplored. Therefore, the aim of this Special Issue is to provide a platform for the publication of valuable articles related to the fermentation strategies of food by-products, with a focus on SmF and SSF to enhance the extraction and bioavailability of bioactive compounds for functional food development.

Original research articles and reviews are both welcome. Research areas may include (but are not limited to) the following:

  • Optimization of solid-state and submerged fermentation processes;
  • Comparative analyses of fermentation processes;
  • Extraction of enzymes or bioactive molecules derived from fermentation;
  • Characterization of metabolites after the fermentation process using in vitro and in vivo models;
  • Mechanisms of bioactive compounds released during fermentation.

Prof. Dr. Tomas García-Cayuela
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Fermentation is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2100 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • by-products
  • solid-state fermentation
  • submerged fermentation
  • health benefits
  • bioactive compounds
  • extraction
  • enzymes

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 1182 KiB  
Article
Formulation of a Functional Probiotic Beverage Using Maesil (Prunus mume) Syrup By-Product Fermented by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum KFOM 0042
by Chan-Il Bae, Yoon-Soo Gwak, Dasol Nam, Tae Gyu Nam, Hyun-Seok Kim and Mi-Ju Kim
Fermentation 2025, 11(7), 368; https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation11070368 - 26 Jun 2025
Abstract
Maesil (Prunus mume) syrup is the most common form of maesil consumption in Korea; however, its production generates large quantities of by-products. This study aimed to develop a functional probiotic beverage through the lactic acid fermentation of maesil syrup by-products (MSBs). [...] Read more.
Maesil (Prunus mume) syrup is the most common form of maesil consumption in Korea; however, its production generates large quantities of by-products. This study aimed to develop a functional probiotic beverage through the lactic acid fermentation of maesil syrup by-products (MSBs). To optimize fermentation, eight strains of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum were tested, and KFOM 0042 was selected based on its superior acid production in MSBs. The effects of MSB concentration (5%, 10%, 15%, or 20%), pH levels (3, 4, or 5), and sugar type (none, glucose, fructose, or sucrose) were evaluated. The optimal conditions were found to be 20% MSB at pH 4 or 5, either without added sugar or with sucrose. After fermenting under these conditions for 4 days, the probiotic beverages were stored at 4 °C for 30 days to assess stability. All formulations maintained LAB counts above 7 log CFU/mL for 18 days, but only the beverage with sucrose sustained these levels for 25 days. Additionally, antioxidant activity, total polyphenol, and flavonoid content increased post-fermentation, with the highest lactic acid levels observed at pH 5. Overall, this study presents a novel strategy for upcycling MSB into a probiotic beverage with enhanced functional and microbial stability. Full article
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15 pages, 367 KiB  
Article
The Effects of Solid-State Fermentation by Aspergillus spp. on the Nutritional Profile of Selected Agro-Industrial by-Products as Potential Feedstuffs for Weaner Rabbits
by Adedoyin Titi Amos, Damilola Uthman Kareem, Tolulope Modupe Adeleye, Emmanuel Abiodun Adeyeye, Munirat Olaide Abatan, Olusola Sarah Ayorinde, Esther Oluwasayo Adeboye, Maicon Sbardella, Adeboye Olusesan Fafiolu, Abimbola Oladele Oso and Olusegun Mark Obafemi Idowu
Fermentation 2025, 11(6), 356; https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation11060356 - 19 Jun 2025
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Abstract
This study evaluates the effects of solid-state fermentation inoculated with Aspergillus spp. on the nutritional profile of selected agro-industrial by-products (AIBPs: cowpea shell, groundnut shell, soybean hull, and maize shaft). These AIBPs were assessed as potential feedstuffs in weaner rabbit diets, which often [...] Read more.
This study evaluates the effects of solid-state fermentation inoculated with Aspergillus spp. on the nutritional profile of selected agro-industrial by-products (AIBPs: cowpea shell, groundnut shell, soybean hull, and maize shaft). These AIBPs were assessed as potential feedstuffs in weaner rabbit diets, which often exhibit digestive disorders when introduced to highly lignified feed ingredients. The AIBPs were milled to a particle size of 2 mm, sterilized, and subjected to fermentation with Aspergillus spp. under microaerophilic conditions at 28 ± 2 °C for 10 days. Samples (four replicates per treatment) were analyzed for chemical constituents (mineral and proximate composition, anti-nutritional factors, and fibre fractions) before and after fermentation. Digestible energy and digestibility coefficient of gross energy were calculated. Data were subjected to two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). There was an increase (p < 0.05) in mineral profile, proximate composition, digestible energy, digestibility coefficient of gross energy, and dry matter, with a reduction (p < 0.05) in crude fibre, fibre fractions, and anti-nutritional factors. It was concluded that fermentation with Aspergillus spp. improved the nutritional value of the selected agro-industrial by-products. Therefore, fermented materials possess a better nutritional profile to be used in feeding programs for weaner rabbits. This will ensure sustainable animal production and add value to agricultural waste, which would otherwise constitute an environmental nuisance. Full article
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Review

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23 pages, 638 KiB  
Review
Solid-State Fermentation as a Biotechnological Tool to Reduce Antinutrients and Increase Nutritional Content in Legumes and Cereals for Animal Feed
by Andrés Álvarez, Alejandra Rodríguez, Sandra Chaparro, Luis Miguel Borrás, Leidy Y. Rache, Maria H. Brijaldo and José J. Martínez
Fermentation 2025, 11(7), 359; https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation11070359 - 20 Jun 2025
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Abstract
Antinutritional Factors (ANFs) are compounds produced by plants as defense mechanisms, and in high concentrations, they inhibit nutritional properties. Reducing these ANFs increases the presence of proteins, antioxidants, and vitamins, which is crucial for optimizing animal feed, particularly in developing countries where traditional [...] Read more.
Antinutritional Factors (ANFs) are compounds produced by plants as defense mechanisms, and in high concentrations, they inhibit nutritional properties. Reducing these ANFs increases the presence of proteins, antioxidants, and vitamins, which is crucial for optimizing animal feed, particularly in developing countries where traditional methods may be costly. Solid-state fermentation (SSF) has the potential to improve the nutritional quality of animal feed derived from cereals and legumes cultivated and non-commercially cultivated by reducing antinutrients and enhancing nutrient availability. This review also considers the potential of non-native species, including those exhibiting invasive behavior and taxonomic similarity to cultivated varieties, as alternative substrates for SSF. Additionally, SSF highlights the biological properties of ANFs when extracted and utilized for technological and industrial advancements. Solid-state fermentation with lactic acid bacteria could be an effective and straightforward method for reducing these antinutritional factors while simultaneously enriching protein content. The aim is to present solid-state fermentation as a biotechnological tool to reduce antinutritional factors and enhance the nutritional content of legumes and cereals that are not cultivated for animal feed. This perspective contributes to expanding the range of raw materials considered for SSF by including taxonomically related but underutilized and ecologically problematic plant resources. Full article
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