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Hydrogen Storage and Transportation: Materials, Technologies, and Infrastructure Development
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Hydrogen Storage and Transportation: Materials, Technologies, and Infrastructure Development

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "A5: Hydrogen Energy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 September 2025 | Viewed by 5379

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Andrzej Rusin

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Guest Editor
Department of Power Engineering and Turbomachinery, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
Interests: reliability; risk analysis; power systems
Prof. Dr. Katarzyna Stolecka

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Guest Editor
Department of Power Engineering and Turbomachinery, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
Interests: risk analysis; hazards assesment
Prof. Dr. Wojciech Kosman

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Power Engineering and Turbomachinery, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
Interests: power generating systems; turbomachinery

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue is dedicated to hydrogen technologies, which have been under a constant development for years and have been applied to many different branches of industry including electric power generation, energy storage, and transportation. Along the way, many advances have been made in the materials and designs of the infrastructure for hydrogen systems. At the same time, a number of challenges have arisen due to the very specific properties of hydrogen and many research centres around the world are addressing these challenges. Therefore, hydrogen research and application has emerged as a separate field of study.

This Special Issue aims to foster exchange of the results of research across different fields to create an overview of problems concerning hydrogen, as well as their solutions. A multidisciplinary approach is required in order to address all of the issues that add to the complexity of the hydrogen usage.

In this Special Issue, original research articles and reviews are welcome and the topics covered may include, but are not restricted to:

  • Hydrogen storage and transportation;
  • Hydrogen for vehicles;
  • Machines and equipment for hydrogen delivery and processing;
  • Hydrogen generation from renewable energy sources;
  • Hydrogen in mixtures;
  • Risk analysis of hydrogen infrastructure;
  • Hydrogen applications’ impact on society;
  • Economic aspects of investment in hydrogen technologies;
  • Safety culture in hydrogen facilities.

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Prof. Dr. Andrzej Rusin
Prof. Dr. Katarzyna Stolecka
Prof. Dr. Wojciech Kosman
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • hydrogen
  • storage
  • transportation
  • safety

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 5440 KiB  
Article
Investigation of Hydrogen Transport Behavior in Polyethylene Terephthalate Membrane by Prolonged Hydrogen Exposure Treatments
by Elman Abdullayev, Thorsten Fladung, Paul-Ludwig Michael Noeske and Bernd Mayer
Energies 2024, 17(24), 6478; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17246478 - 23 Dec 2024
Viewed by 846
Abstract
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is one of the most used polymeric substances in production of packaging materials, fibers, textiles, coatings, and engineering materials. This paper elucidates the transport parameters of hydrogen gas through a PET membrane, which was selected to be a sufficiently permeable [...] Read more.
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is one of the most used polymeric substances in production of packaging materials, fibers, textiles, coatings, and engineering materials. This paper elucidates the transport parameters of hydrogen gas through a PET membrane, which was selected to be a sufficiently permeable substrate for setting up an empirical strategy that aims at developing hydrogen barrier coatings. An examination of the structural degradation of PET by prolonged hydrogen exposure was performed. Hydrogen permeation tests were performed on a PET membrane with a thickness of 50 μm. To investigate the behavior of the material by prolonged hydrogen treatment, hydrogen-exposure experiments were carried out at a certain hydrogen pressure and time. Comparisons of the mechanical properties of the material were documented both before and after hydrogen exposure. A strong impact of comparatively transient hydrogen exposure on the mechanical and hydrogen transport properties of PET was observed. After 72 h of hydrogen exposure at 103 hPa and 300 K, the tensile strength decreased by 19%, the diffusion coefficients more than doubled, and material fracture behavior changed from ductile to distinctly brittle. This underlines the importance of developing effective hydrogen barrier coatings in case PET tubing is intended for use in hydrogen transport or storage. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydrogen Storage and Transportation: Materials, Technologies, and Infrastructure Development)
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17 pages, 3591 KiB  
Article
Prediction of Freezing Time During Hydrogen Fueling Using Machine Learning
by Ji-Ah Choi, Ji-Seong Jang and Sang-Won Ji
Energies 2024, 17(23), 5962; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17235962 - 27 Nov 2024
Viewed by 653
Abstract
This study presents a method for predicting nozzle surface temperature and the timing of frost formation during hydrogen refueling using machine learning. A continuous refueling system was implemented based on a simulation model that was developed and validated in previous research. Data were [...] Read more.
This study presents a method for predicting nozzle surface temperature and the timing of frost formation during hydrogen refueling using machine learning. A continuous refueling system was implemented based on a simulation model that was developed and validated in previous research. Data were collected under various boundary conditions, and eight regression models were trained and evaluated for their predictive performance. Hyperparameter optimization was performed using random search to enhance model performance. The final models were validated by applying boundary conditions not used during model development and comparing the predicted values with simulation results. The comparison revealed that the maximum error rate occurred after the second refueling, with a value of approximately 4.79%. Currently, nitrogen and heating air are used for defrosting and frost reduction, which can be costly. The developed machine learning models are expected to enable prediction of both frost formation and defrosting timings, potentially allowing for more cost-effective management of defrosting and frost reduction strategies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydrogen Storage and Transportation: Materials, Technologies, and Infrastructure Development)
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12 pages, 3342 KiB  
Article
Parametric Analysis of a Novel Array-Type Hydrogen Storage Reactor with External Water-Cooled Jacket Heat Exchange
by Yang Ye, Ziyang Zhang, Yuanyuan Zhang, Jingjing Liu, Kai Yan and Honghui Cheng
Energies 2024, 17(21), 5340; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17215340 - 27 Oct 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1101
Abstract
Hydrogen energy is a green and environmentally friendly energy source, as well as an excellent energy carrier. Hydrogen storage technology is a key factor in its commercial development. Solid hydrogen storage methods represented by using metal hydride (MH) materials have good application prospects, [...] Read more.
Hydrogen energy is a green and environmentally friendly energy source, as well as an excellent energy carrier. Hydrogen storage technology is a key factor in its commercial development. Solid hydrogen storage methods represented by using metal hydride (MH) materials have good application prospects, but there are still problems of higher heat transfer resistance and slower hydrogen absorption and release rate as the material is applied to reactors. This study innovatively proposed an array-type MH hydrogen storage reactor based on external water-cooled jacket heat exchange, aiming to improve the heat transfer efficiency and absorption reaction performance, and optimize the absorption kinetics encountered in practical applications of LaNi5 hydrogen storage material in reactors. A mathematical model was built to compare the hydrogen absorption processes of the novel array-type and traditional reactors. The results showed that, with the same water-cooled jacket, the hydrogen absorption rate of the array-type reactor can be accelerated by 2.78 times compared to the traditional reactor. Because of the existence of heat transfer enhancement limits, the increase in the number of array elements and the flow rate of heat transfer fluid (HTF) has a limited impact on the absorption rate improvement of the array-type reactor. To break the limits, the hydrogen absorption pressure, as a direct driving force, can be increased. In addition, the increased pressure also increases the heat transfer temperature difference, thereby further improving heat transfer and absorption rate. For instance, at 3 MPa, the hydrogen absorption time can be shortened to 147 s. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydrogen Storage and Transportation: Materials, Technologies, and Infrastructure Development)
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16 pages, 2804 KiB  
Article
The Influence of Hydrogen Concentration on the Hazards Associated with the Use of Coke Oven Gas
by Mateusz Klejnowski and Katarzyna Stolecka-Antczak
Energies 2024, 17(19), 4804; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17194804 - 25 Sep 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 912
Abstract
Coke oven gas (COG), as a by-product of the coking process and a mixture with a high hydrogen content, is an important potential component of the sustainable economy of the coking industry. Ongoing studies and analyses are looking at many opportunities for the [...] Read more.
Coke oven gas (COG), as a by-product of the coking process and a mixture with a high hydrogen content, is an important potential component of the sustainable economy of the coking industry. Ongoing studies and analyses are looking at many opportunities for the utilization of coke oven gas, including for the production of hydrogen, methanol or other chemicals. However, it is important not to forget that all processes for the utilization of this gas may pose a potential hazard to humans and the environment. This is due to the physicochemical properties of COG and the content of flammable gases such as hydrogen, methane or carbon monoxide in its composition. Potential hazardous events are also related to the content of toxic substances in the composition of coke oven gas. The publication focuses on the occurrence of a fire or explosion as a result of the uncontrolled release of purified coke oven gas from the installation. The potential hazard zones associated with the occurrence of these phenomena are presented concerning different levels of hydrogen concentration in coke oven gas and the influence of selected factors on the range of these zones. Zones related to human deaths due to fire of coke oven gas reached a maximum range of about 130 m from the site of the failure, depending on the gas composition, level of damage and parameters of the installation. Zones related to human deaths due to the explosion of the coke oven gas did not occur. The zone related to the injury of humans as a result of the COG explosion reached a maximum range of about 12 m. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydrogen Storage and Transportation: Materials, Technologies, and Infrastructure Development)
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14 pages, 3178 KiB  
Article
Design and Simulation of Adiabatic–Damping Dual–Function Strut for LH2 Storage Tank
by Yinan Qiu, Jianwei Xiao, Xinglong Ma, Yuanyuan Xu and Huifang Kang
Energies 2024, 17(14), 3475; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17143475 - 15 Jul 2024
Viewed by 1015
Abstract
In the process of the on–board transportation of liquid hydrogen storage and transportation tanks, apart from considering the support strength and adiabatic performance, it is imperative to take into account the vibration characteristics of the carrying platform. The present work introduces a versatile [...] Read more.
In the process of the on–board transportation of liquid hydrogen storage and transportation tanks, apart from considering the support strength and adiabatic performance, it is imperative to take into account the vibration characteristics of the carrying platform. The present work introduces a versatile support structure comprising a damping module and a ball contact insulation structure, enabling effective isolation of external vibrations while simultaneously providing support and insulation. The first step involves describing the principle of a flexible support structure and designing the mechanical structure. Subsequently, a damping analysis is conducted based on dynamic theory to establish the relationship between the spring and damping. Finally, the structural parameters of the dual–function strut are determined, followed by simulation of heat transfer performance. The results demonstrate that the dual–function strut exhibits exceptional vibration damping performance by reducing the amplitude of external vibrations greater than 5 Hz to less than 6%. Moreover, owing to the compact linear diameter spring structure of the vibration damping module and its ball contact effect, the thermal resistance of the dual–function strut is significantly enhanced, resulting in a mere heat leakage of only 22 W/m2 in a single rod section. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydrogen Storage and Transportation: Materials, Technologies, and Infrastructure Development)
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