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Wind/PV/Hydrogen Integrated Energy System for a Clean Future
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Wind/PV/Hydrogen Integrated Energy System for a Clean Future

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "B2: Clean Energy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2023) | Viewed by 6974

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Chuanbo Xu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. School of Economics and Management, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
2. Beijing Key Laboratory of New Energy and Low-Carbon Development (North China Electric Power University), Changping, Beijing 102206, China
Interests: integrated hydrogen energy system optimization; hydrogen energy economics; hydrogen energy infrastructure planning
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Jianli Zhou

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. School of Economics and Management, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
2. Xinjiang Energy Research Center of Strategy and Decision-Making for Carbon Neutrality, Urumqi 830046, China
Interests: energy management; energy planning for sustainability; integrated energy system; electricity–hydrogen coupling and conversion; GIS analysis and mapping
Dr. Liwei Ju

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. School of Economics and Management, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
2. Beijing Key Laboratory of New Energy and Low-Carbon Development (North China Electric Power University), Changping, Beijing 102206, China
Interests: energy system modeling and decision optimization; energy economy and policy; distributed energy cluster scheduling
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Shenbo Yang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Economics and Management, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
Interests: energy management; integrated energy system; optimal dispatching of energy system; benefit distribution

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Energy production and consumption are the largest sources of carbon dioxide emissions. Vigorously promoting emission reduction in the energy field is a key measure for building a clean, low-carbon, safe and efficient modern energy system. The large-scale development and utilization of clean energy, dominated by wind and solar energy, is an important guarantee to support the low-carbon transformation in the energy field. However, the full utilization and consumption of renewable energy power generation (e.g., wind and photovoltaic) still face difficulties and challenges, especially the problem of full consumption. The development and layout of multi-energy complementarity, coupling and interaction, and collaborative integrated energy systems can effectively solve the above problems. Therefore, there is an urgent need to study the mechanism, planning and design, optimized operation, development mode and carbon emission reduction of integrated energy systems coupled with renewable energy generation and hydrogen energy, in order to promote their further development and help realize a clean future. This field will integrate the knowledge and methodology from energy science, power electronics, management science and economics. We welcome full-length articles and review articles on topics including, but not limited to, the following:

  • Realization mechanism of multi-energy complementarity;
  • Techno-economic analysis of green energy systems;
  • Planning and design of integrated energy systems;
  • Capacity configuration and operation optimization;
  • Application of big data and artificial intelligence;
  • Interest sharing of integrated energy systems;
  • Hydrogen generation from renewable energy;
  • Carbon reduction assessment;
  • Development mode of integrated energy systems;
  • Energy and digital economy;
  • Energy policy and incentive strategy.

Dr. Chuanbo Xu
Dr. Jianli Zhou
Dr. Liwei Ju
Dr. Shenbo Yang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • integrated energy systems
  • multi-energy complementarity
  • electricity–hydrogen coupling and conversion
  • modeling and optimization
  • hydrogen energy storage
  • energy economy
  • energy policy
  • carbon reduction potential

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 6196 KiB  
Article
Dual-Stage Optimization Scheduling Model for a Grid-Connected Renewable Energy System with Hybrid Energy Storage
by Di Lu, Yonggang Peng and Jing Sun
Energies 2024, 17(3), 737; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17030737 - 4 Feb 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 645
Abstract
To operate the grid-connected renewable energy system economically, this study presents a dual-stage optimization scheduling model for grid-connected systems with hybrid energy storage, including day-ahead and intra-days stages. In the day-ahead stage, an economically optimal scheduling model is developed, considering the price peak-to-valley [...] Read more.
To operate the grid-connected renewable energy system economically, this study presents a dual-stage optimization scheduling model for grid-connected systems with hybrid energy storage, including day-ahead and intra-days stages. In the day-ahead stage, an economically optimal scheduling model is developed, considering the price peak-to-valley difference. This model aims to enhance the economic efficiency of the system by utilizing hybrid energy storage. In the intra-day stage, more accurate renewable energy forecasts with a shorter time scale are considered. The objectives are to minimize the curtailment rate of renewable energy and to track the day-ahead scheduling outcomes. The NSGA-II algorithm is employed for multi-objective optimization, achieving equilibrium solutions considering multiple optimization objectives. Compared to other published works, the proposed model achieves a balance between different optimization objectives, enabling the system to operate economically and stably. It provides a comprehensive approach to optimize the scheduling of grid-connected systems with hybrid energy storage by considering both economic and operational aspects. Overall, this proposed dual-stage optimization model presents a viable approach to improve economic efficiency and mitigate renewable energy curtailment in grid-connected systems. By effectively integrating renewable energy sources and optimizing their utilization, this model contributes to enhancing the sustainability and optimal operation of the power grid. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wind/PV/Hydrogen Integrated Energy System for a Clean Future)
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20 pages, 2869 KiB  
Article
Operation Optimization of Wind/Battery Storage/Alkaline Electrolyzer System Considering Dynamic Hydrogen Production Efficiency
by Meng Niu, Xiangjun Li, Chen Sun, Xiaoqing Xiu, Yue Wang, Mingyue Hu and Haitao Dong
Energies 2023, 16(17), 6132; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16176132 - 23 Aug 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1799
Abstract
Hydrogen energy is regarded as a key path to combat climate change and promote sustainable economic and social development. The fluctuation of renewable energy leads to frequent start/stop cycles in hydrogen electrolysis equipment. However, electrochemical energy storage, with its fast response characteristics, helps [...] Read more.
Hydrogen energy is regarded as a key path to combat climate change and promote sustainable economic and social development. The fluctuation of renewable energy leads to frequent start/stop cycles in hydrogen electrolysis equipment. However, electrochemical energy storage, with its fast response characteristics, helps regulate the power of hydrogen electrolysis, enabling smooth operation. In this study, a multi-objective constrained operation optimization model for a wind/battery storage/alkaline electrolyzer system is constructed. Both profit maximization and power abandonment rate minimization are considered. In addition, some constraints, such as minimum start/stop times, upper and lower power limits, and input fluctuation limits, are also taken into account. Then, the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) algorithm and the entropy method are used to optimize the operation strategy of the hybrid energy system by considering dynamic hydrogen production efficiency, and through optimization to obtain the best hydrogen production power of the system under the two objectives. The change in dynamic hydrogen production efficiency is mainly related to the change in electrolyzer power, and the system can be better adjusted according to the actual supply of renewable energy to avoid the waste of renewable energy. Our results show that the distribution of Pareto solutions is uniform, which indicates the suitability of the NSGA-II algorithm. In addition, the optimal solution indicates that the battery storage and alkaline electrolyzer can complement each other in operation and achieve the absorption of wind power. The dynamic hydrogen production efficiency can make the electrolyzer operate more efficiently, which paves the way for system optimization. A sensitivity analysis reveals that the profit is sensitive to the price of hydrogen energy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wind/PV/Hydrogen Integrated Energy System for a Clean Future)
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22 pages, 3321 KiB  
Article
Local Frequency Modulation Strategy Based on Controllable Load Characteristic Identification of Multi-Port Power Router
by Changhao Lv, Qingquan Jia, Lijuan Lin and Jinwei Cui
Energies 2023, 16(9), 3651; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16093651 - 24 Apr 2023
Viewed by 851
Abstract
The scarcity of inertial resources in the new AC–DC hybrid grids makes the grid frequency prone to fluctuation. In this paper, the relationship between the grid-side and load-side characteristics of the power router is constructed. By adjusting the port load parameters, the load [...] Read more.
The scarcity of inertial resources in the new AC–DC hybrid grids makes the grid frequency prone to fluctuation. In this paper, the relationship between the grid-side and load-side characteristics of the power router is constructed. By adjusting the port load parameters, the load power can respond quickly to the fluctuation of the grid frequency, thereby realizing rapid support of the grid frequency. Firstly, two kinds of mathematical models for sensitivity identification of load characteristics, variable voltage and variable frequency, are established to calculate the characteristic parameters of a multi-port load. The allocation rules of port power and allocation coefficients are designed according to the parameters. A frequency modulation control method that matches the load response capability of the multi-port router is proposed. Then, taking into consideration the uncertainty of load group characteristics and power, a variable coefficient frequency modulation control strategy for a multi-port power router that can adapt to the adjustable margin of loads is proposed. The proposed model is built based on a Simulink platform for validation. The simulation results show that the proposed frequency modulation strategy can be added, and the frequency modulation performance of the power grid is further improved compared to the situation without this method. The frequency is suppressed to 49.93 HZ. It is verified that this method can make the controllable load respond sensitively and effectively to grid disturbance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wind/PV/Hydrogen Integrated Energy System for a Clean Future)
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30 pages, 4551 KiB  
Article
System Economy Improvement and Risk Shortening by Fuel Cell-UPFC Placement in a Wind-Combined System
by Mitul Ranjan Chakraborty, Subhojit Dawn, Pradip Kumar Saha, Jayanta Bhusan Basu and Taha Selim Ustun
Energies 2023, 16(4), 1621; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16041621 - 6 Feb 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 971
Abstract
It is important to understand the features of an integrated renewable energy power system, especially for deregulated systems. The greatest obstacle to assimilating renewable energy generators with the existing electrical system is their unpredictability. Because wind energy is inconsistent, incorporating it into an [...] Read more.
It is important to understand the features of an integrated renewable energy power system, especially for deregulated systems. The greatest obstacle to assimilating renewable energy generators with the existing electrical system is their unpredictability. Because wind energy is inconsistent, incorporating it into an established power system necessitates more planning. The effects of wind farm (WF) incorporation with fuel cells and a unified power flow controller (UPFC) on electric losses, voltage profile, generating price, and the economics of the system in a deregulated power market are examined in this paper. An impact analysis of integrating wind farms into controlled and uncontrolled situations is conducted. At two randomly selected locations in India, the real-time statistics of the actual wind speed (AWS) and forecasted wind speed (FWS) were merged for this study. The surplus charge rate and deficit charge rate are intended to evaluate the imbalance cost which is arising from the difference between anticipated and true wind speeds to determine the economics of the system. Customers are always trying to find electricity that is reliable, inexpensive, and efficient due to the reconfiguration of the power system. As a consequence, the security limitations of the system may be surpassed or might function beyond the safety limit, which is undesirable. In the last section, heuristic algorithms, such as sequential quadratic programming (SQP), artificial bee colony algorithms (ABC), and moth-flame optimization algorithms (MFO), are employed to analyze economic risk. In the real-time energy market, it also covers how the fuel cells and UPFC are utilized to rectify the WF integration’s deviation. Economic risk evaluation approaches include value-at-risk (VaR) and conditional value-at-risk (CVaR). A modified IEEE 30-bus test system is used throughout the whole project. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wind/PV/Hydrogen Integrated Energy System for a Clean Future)
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26 pages, 4577 KiB  
Article
An Optimal Site Selection Framework for Near-Zero Carbon Emission Power Plants Based on Multiple Stakeholders
by Yanbin Li, Yanting Sun, Yulin Kang, Feng Zhang and Junjie Zhang
Energies 2023, 16(2), 797; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16020797 - 10 Jan 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1334
Abstract
Near-zero carbon emission power (NZCEP) plants, consisting of gas-fired units; wind turbines; power-to-gas (P2G); and carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) systems, have recently received a lot of attention due to their enormous benefits in reducing carbon emissions and increasing the consumption of [...] Read more.
Near-zero carbon emission power (NZCEP) plants, consisting of gas-fired units; wind turbines; power-to-gas (P2G); and carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) systems, have recently received a lot of attention due to their enormous benefits in reducing carbon emissions and increasing the consumption of renewable energy. However, a complex environment of interest and a combination of risks makes their development very slow. This paper establishes a risk analysis framework for NZCEP considering multi-stakeholder participation. Firstly, a synthetic risk factor system was constructed based on stakeholders’ interests. Subsequently, interval type II trapezoidal fuzzy numbers were used and final weights were calculated from both subjective and objective aspects. Finally, we applied an acronym in Portuguese of the interactive and multi-criteria decision-making (TODIM) method to site selection to achieve a balance of interests of all stakeholders. In addition, a case study was conducted. The case result demonstrates that Zhengzhou in Henan Province is the best choice for a NZCEP power plant. A further finding is that government plays an important role in the development of NZCEP plants, with site selection results being the most sensitive to changes in the government’s risk appetite. Moreover, human resources are an important factor in the siting of an NZCEP plant. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wind/PV/Hydrogen Integrated Energy System for a Clean Future)
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