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Energies
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Methodology and Measurements for Energy Performance Assessment
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Methodology and Measurements for Energy Performance Assessment

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2021) | Viewed by 9954

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Marilena Musto

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Industrial Engineering, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Piazzale Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy
Interests: computational fluid dynamics; CFD simulation; mechanical engineering; numerical analysis; energy; heat exchangers; numerical simulation; thermal engineering; engineering thermodynamics; modeling and simulation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Accurate assessment for energy performance systems is crucial to increase investment in energy efficiency. Therefore, it is necessary to minimize the gap between predicted and actual results. Then, the energy community now faces new challenges when it comes to innovative methodologies, measurement, and uncertainty assessment. My ambition, with this Special issue topic, is to ensure fast dissemination of up-to-date research results from a broad spectrum of topics, including measurement for energy in thermal application; measurement for energy harvesting; measurement and thermal control in microsystems; measurement of radiative properties for thermal applications; measurement of thermal conductivity, etc. Therefore, papers should present measurement methods, approaches, and principles for energy performance assessment also through measure, verification protocols, testing, and validation methods. Interdisciplinary contributions crossing boundaries within methodologies and measurements are especially welcome.

Prof. Dr. Musto Marilena
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • radiative parameters
  • selective solar absorber
  • radiative sensors
  • test facility
  • heat flux
  • calibration and verification techniques
  • working standards
  • thermal comfort
  • sustainability and environment
  • thermal properties of materials for energy efficiency
  • solar reflectance
  • radiative cooling
  • thermal energy storage
  • energy harvesting

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 3566 KiB  
Article
Comparison of Energy Consumption of Cereal Grain Dryer Powered by LPG and Hard Coal in Polish Conditions
by Marcin Dębowski, Przemysław Bukowski, Przemysław Kobel, Jerzy Bieniek, Leszek Romański and Bernard Knutel
Energies 2021, 14(14), 4340; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14144340 - 19 Jul 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2475
Abstract
The calculation method commonly used in the industry takes into consideration mainly fuel consumption (excluding electricity) and the amount of removed moisture which is reflected in the unit MJ·(Mg·%)−1. This is not a scientific approach because the result will change if [...] Read more.
The calculation method commonly used in the industry takes into consideration mainly fuel consumption (excluding electricity) and the amount of removed moisture which is reflected in the unit MJ·(Mg·%)−1. This is not a scientific approach because the result will change if the basic moisture is different (drying from 21% to 18% will consume less energy than drying from 18% to 15%). This paper aims to compare the energy consumption of two industrial continuous flow grain dryers powered by LPG and hard coal based on a comprehensive approach to energy efficiency calculation enriched with electricity consumption, flow measurements, and control of grain moisture. It could be useful for manufacturers who could use this method to generate more reliable data in their product datasheets, and it could also be legally regulated as an appropriate tool for calculating the energy consumption of agricultural grain dryers. According to the approach presented in this paper, the S428.CS construction powered by LPG gas had an energy consumption that was 6.14% lower than the DT2532 dryer construction, which used hard coal. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Methodology and Measurements for Energy Performance Assessment)
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18 pages, 2101 KiB  
Article
Comparing Exergy Analysis and Physical Optimum Method Regarding an Induction Furnace
by Paula Marlene Wenzel, Peter Radgen and Jan Westermeyer
Energies 2021, 14(6), 1621; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14061621 - 15 Mar 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2250
Abstract
In order to achieve energy and climate goals, energy and resource efficiency are considered a key measure. Limit-value-oriented methods such as the exergy analysis and the physical optimum method are used to show the limits of efficiency improvement. In this context, the physical [...] Read more.
In order to achieve energy and climate goals, energy and resource efficiency are considered a key measure. Limit-value-oriented methods such as the exergy analysis and the physical optimum method are used to show the limits of efficiency improvement. In this context, the physical optimum represents the theoretical ideal reference process. Despite their similarities, no comprehensive comparison to the exergy analysis has been carried out yet. Thus, the purpose of this study is to close this gap by examining differences and intersections using the example of an induction furnace. The minimum energy input according to the physical optimum method is 1327 MJ/t whereas the exergy of the melting product is 1393 MJ/t, depending on transit flows taken into account. The exergy analysis extends considerably beyond the physical optimum method in terms of the complexity and accuracy of the assessment of material flows by using exergy units. The exergy analysis makes clear which exergy is linked to the losses and thus reveals the potential for coupling processes. This results in different areas of application for the two methods. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Methodology and Measurements for Energy Performance Assessment)
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18 pages, 9304 KiB  
Article
Numerical Investigation of a Phase Change Material Including Natural Convection Effects
by Assunta Andreozzi, Marcello Iasiello and Claudio Tucci
Energies 2021, 14(2), 348; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14020348 - 09 Jan 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2291
Abstract
Nowadays, Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) is one of the most promising technologies analyzed for electrical power generation from low-temperature heat such as renewable energy sources (RES), especially solar energy. Because of the solar source variation throughout the day, additional Thermal Energy Storage (TES) [...] Read more.
Nowadays, Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) is one of the most promising technologies analyzed for electrical power generation from low-temperature heat such as renewable energy sources (RES), especially solar energy. Because of the solar source variation throughout the day, additional Thermal Energy Storage (TES) systems can be employed to store the energy surplus saved during the daytime, in order to use it at nighttime or when meteorological conditions are adverse. In this context, latent heat stored in phase-change transition by Phase Change Materials (PCM) allows them to stock larger amounts of energy because of the larger latent energy values as compared to the specific heat capacity. In this study, a thermal analysis of a square PCM for a solar ORC is carried out, considering four different boundary conditions that refer to different situations. Furthermore, differences in including or not natural convection effects in the model are shown. Governing equations for the PCM are written with references to the heat capacity method and solved with a finite element scheme. Experimental data from literature are employed to simulate the solar source using a time-variable temperature boundary condition. Results are presented in terms of temperature profiles, stored energy, velocity fields and melting fraction, showing that natural convection effects are remarkable on the temperature values and consequently on the stored energy achieved. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Methodology and Measurements for Energy Performance Assessment)
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25 pages, 8001 KiB  
Article
The Energy Performances of a Ground-to-Air Heat Exchanger: A Comparison Among Köppen Climatic Areas
by Diana D’Agostino, Francesco Esposito, Adriana Greco, Claudia Masselli and Francesco Minichiello
Energies 2020, 13(11), 2895; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13112895 - 05 Jun 2020
Cited by 21 | Viewed by 2220
Abstract
In this paper the energy performances carried out by an investigation conducted on a Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) system, composed by an Air Handling Unit (AHU) for the primary air coupled with a horizontal-pipes Ground-to-Air Heat eXchanger (GAHX) and fan-coil units, [...] Read more.
In this paper the energy performances carried out by an investigation conducted on a Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) system, composed by an Air Handling Unit (AHU) for the primary air coupled with a horizontal-pipes Ground-to-Air Heat eXchanger (GAHX) and fan-coil units, for an office building, supposed to be placed in four different cities (Rio de Janeiro, Dubai, Naples, Ottawa) belonging to four different worldwide climatic areas, according to the Köppen climate classification. The investigation is performed by means of a two dimensional numerical model, experimentally validated, of an GAHX solved with finite element method. The results introduced in this paper are carried out by varying the length of the pipes and the air flow velocity; thus, also the number of tubes forming the GAHX is varied since the volumetric flow rate to be provided to the AHU must be kept constant. The energy performances of the above-mentioned HVAC system are analyzed, both in summer and in winter operation modes. Specifically, the reduction of the power of the heating and cooling coils in the AHU due to the pre-treatment of the air operated by the GAHX, the efficiency of the GAHX and the inlet-outlet temperature span are evaluated through a sensitivity analysis. These results lead to say that an GAHX for the geothermal pre-treatment of the air to be introduced into the AHU is energetically very convenient since it leads total thermal power savings in all the investigated cities, that makes this solution competitive. Specifically the best value of power reduction (61.5%) for a 100 m pipe-length GAHX is obtained in Ottawa, a city belonging to continental climate zone. The worst results in terms of power reduction are registered in Rio de Janeiro, a city belonging to the tropical or equatorial climates: this reduction, for a 100 m pipe-length ground to air heat exchanger, is 23.9%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Methodology and Measurements for Energy Performance Assessment)
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