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Advances in Hydrogen Storage: Strategies, Technologies, Safety and Future Directions
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Advances in Hydrogen Storage: Strategies, Technologies, Safety and Future Directions

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "A5: Hydrogen Energy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 December 2026 | Viewed by 1311

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Seungho Jung

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Environmental and Safety Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
Interests: hydrogen safety; risk assessment; modeling; optimization; CFD; consequence analysis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Hydrogen is increasingly recognized as a cornerstone of the global transition toward sustainable and carbon-neutral energy systems. However, the large-scale deployment of hydrogen energy critically depends on the development of safe, efficient, and cost-effective storage technologies. This Special Issue, entitled “Advances in Hydrogen Storage: Strategies, Technologies, Safety and Future Directions”, aims to bring together cutting-edge research and comprehensive reviews that address the scientific, technical, and practical challenges of hydrogen storage.

We invite contributions that explore a wide range of topics, including, but not limited to, the following: novel materials for physical and chemical hydrogen storage (metal hydrides, complex hydrides, porous materials, cryo-compressed systems, and solid-state storage); advancements in system design and integration for transportation, industrial, and stationary applications; and modeling, simulation, and optimization approaches for hydrogen storage performance. Papers focusing on safety analysis, risk assessment, and mitigation strategies in hydrogen handling and storage systems are especially encouraged, as safety remains a central issue in the realization of the hydrogen economy.

This Special Issue also welcomes the submission of forward-looking perspectives that outline emerging technologies, policy frameworks, and future research directions needed to accelerate hydrogen adoption worldwide. By integrating insights from materials science, chemical engineering, energy systems, and environmental policy, this Special Issue aims to provide a holistic understanding of hydrogen storage’s current status and future potential.

Researchers, engineers, and practitioners are invited to contribute original research articles, reviews, and case studies that advance knowledge and practice in hydrogen storage science and technology.

Prof. Dr. Seungho Jung
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • hydrogen
  • storage
  • liquified
  • pressurized
  • safety
  • risk assessment
  • fire
  • explosion
  • siting
  • layout

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

23 pages, 2454 KB  
Article
Computational Fluid Dynamics Investigation of Filling Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle Hydrogen Storage Tanks According to Refueling Protocol Focused on Maximum Temperature Rise
by Gyu Seok Shim, Hyo Min Seo, Joonho Kim and Byung Heung Park
Energies 2026, 19(11), 2540; https://doi.org/10.3390/en19112540 - 25 May 2026
Viewed by 87
Abstract
Hydrogen refueling protocols such as SAE J2601 are designed to limit the temperature rise of hydrogen within the storage tank during refueling. However, the temperature distribution inside the tank is inherently non-uniform, and resulting thermal stratification may cause local temperatures to exceed prescribed [...] Read more.
Hydrogen refueling protocols such as SAE J2601 are designed to limit the temperature rise of hydrogen within the storage tank during refueling. However, the temperature distribution inside the tank is inherently non-uniform, and resulting thermal stratification may cause local temperatures to exceed prescribed limits when the protocol is applied based solely on measurements from a single thermocouple. Therefore, it is very important to estimate the maximum temperature behavior inside the tank during the filling process. A total of 64 CFD simulations are carried out to investigate the effect of the spatial temperature inhomogeneity. The results reveal that the temperature limit (<85 °C) imposed by SAE J2601 is satisfied even by the maximum temperatures in all the 64 cases. However, in some cases for the largest tank (10 kg) filling, it is found that the mass flow rate limit (<60 g/s) is exceeded at low initial pressure conditions. Mass flow rates of 75 g/s or more are calculated under conditions of 25 °C or lower. The increased mass flow rate is understood as the effect of assumption that the pressure drop from a hydrogen refueling station to the inlet of an on-board tank is neglected. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Hydrogen Storage: Strategies, Technologies, Safety and Future Directions)
20 pages, 1413 KB  
Article
Risk Reduction Evaluation of Prescriptive Technical Codes for Hydrogen Refueling Stations Using LOPA
by Yonggyu Kim, Jongbeom Park, Shintak Han, Heewon Song, Heesoo Chung, Keunwon Lee, Gwyam Shin and Seungho Jung
Energies 2026, 19(8), 1933; https://doi.org/10.3390/en19081933 - 17 Apr 2026
Viewed by 891
Abstract
This study evaluates the risk reduction performance of prescriptive technical codes applied to hydrogen refueling stations using a Layer of Protection Analysis (LOPA) approach. A representative accident scenario involving high-pressure hose rupture at the dispenser was selected as the initiating event, and the [...] Read more.
This study evaluates the risk reduction performance of prescriptive technical codes applied to hydrogen refueling stations using a Layer of Protection Analysis (LOPA) approach. A representative accident scenario involving high-pressure hose rupture at the dispenser was selected as the initiating event, and the initiating event frequency was determined based on CCPS guidelines. The target mitigated event likelihood (TMEL) was set to 1.0×10−6/year, resulting in a required risk reduction factor (RRF) of 1.0×104. Safety devices specified in the Korean Gas Safety (KGS) Codes were identified as independent protection layers (IPLs), and their probability of failure on demand (PFD) values were assigned based on commonly accepted LOPA data. The combined PFD of the identified IPLs was estimated to be 1.0×10−5, leading to a mitigated event likelihood of 1.0×10−7/year, which satisfies the predefined TMEL. These results indicate that the prescriptive technical codes can provide a certain level of quantitative risk reduction when all required safeguards operate as assumed. However, the analysis also reveals structural limitations associated with independence assumptions, potential common cause failures, and maintenance conditions. The findings suggest that integrating functional safety concepts and systematic risk assessment with prescriptive codes could enhance the reliability of safety management for hydrogen refueling stations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Hydrogen Storage: Strategies, Technologies, Safety and Future Directions)
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