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Energies
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Alternative Fuels, Combustion and Emissions of Internal Combustion Engines
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Alternative Fuels, Combustion and Emissions of Internal Combustion Engines

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "I2: Energy and Combustion Science".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 November 2026 | Viewed by 765

Editors

Prof. Dr. Karol F. Abramek

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Guest Editor
Department of Automotive Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology, 70-310 Szczecin, Poland
Interests: sustainable mobility and decarbonized propulsion systems; advanced combustion and next-generation engine technologies; alternative fuels and low-carbon energy carriers for transport; air pollution, emission reduction and environmental sustainability in mobility systems; intelligent control, fuel injection and data-driven engine diagnostics; energy-efficient and hybrid powertrain systems
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Tomasz Osipowicz

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Automotive Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology, 70-310 Szczecin, Poland
Interests: combustion engines; combustion process; fuel injection systems; engines emission; fuel; biofuel; fuel pretreatment systems; hybrid vehicles; environment pollution
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Paweł Droździel

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Sustainable Transport and Powertrains, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, 20-618 Lublin, Poland
Interests: energy; electric vehicles; vehicle emissions; safety and social issues in the operation of road transport vehicles; sustainable transport; economic aspects of the operation and construction of means of transport; problems of operation of vehicles; tribology aspects in vehicles; problems of start-ups of the diesel engine
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The transportation sector is facing increasing pressure to reduce greenhouse gas and harmful pollutant emissions while maintaining high energy efficiency and reliable engine performance. Although electrification is expanding rapidly, internal combustion engines (ICEs) are expected to remain important in transportation systems for many years, particularly in heavy-duty, off-road, marine, and hybrid applications. In this context, developing alternative fuels, advanced combustion strategies, and effective emission reduction technologies has become a major research priority.

This Special Issue, “Alternative Fuels, Combustion and Emissions of Internal Combustion Engines,” aims to provide a focused platform to disseminate recent advances related to low-carbon and alternative fuels, combustion processes, and exhaust emission reduction in internal combustion engines. The Issue is dedicated to research contributing to cleaner and more sustainable engine technologies while improving combustion efficiency and reducing environmental impact.

Authors are encouraged to submit original research articles, review papers, and case studies addressing (but not limited to) the following topics:

  • Alternative fuels for internal combustion engines, including biofuels, e-fuels, hydrogen, ammonia, alcohols, and fuel blends;
  • Combustion processes and advanced combustion strategies in spark-ignition and compression-ignition engines;
  • Formation of, measurement of, and reduction in exhaust emissions and particulate matter;
  • Fuel properties and their influence on combustion characteristics and engine emissions;
  • Advanced fuel injection systems and combustion control techniques;
  • Engine optimization for low-emission and high-efficiency operation using alternative fuels;
  • Aftertreatment systems and exhaust gas emission mitigation technologies;
  • Experimental and numerical studies of combustion and emission processes;
  • Artificial intelligence and data-driven approaches for combustion analysis and emission prediction;
  • Environmental impact and decarbonization potential of alternative fuels in transport applications.

A key objective of this Special Issue is to connect fundamental combustion research with practical engineering solutions for cleaner engine operation and reduced environmental impact. Contributions involving experimental investigations, computational fluid dynamics (CFD), chemical kinetics modeling, artificial intelligence, and engine testing are particularly welcome.

This Special Issue seeks to highlight innovative solutions supporting the transition toward cleaner combustion technologies and lower-emission transport systems through using sustainable and alternative fuels.

Prof. Dr. Karol F. Abramek
Dr. Tomasz Osipowicz
Prof. Dr. Paweł Droździel
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-anonymized peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • internal combustion engines (ICE)
  • advanced combustion systems
  • alternative fuels (biofuels, hydrogen, synthetic fuels)
  • emission reduction and control
  • fuel injection systems
  • pollutant formation and mitigation
  • engine optimization and control
  • aftertreatment systems
  • data-driven engine diagnostics
  • green propulsion systems

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

25 pages, 3110 KB  
Article
Real-World Combustion Emissions, Engine Size and Vehicle Mass Versus Euro-Class Access Criteria in Low-Emission Zones
by Katarzyna Turoń, Andrzej Kubik and Feng Chen
Energies 2026, 19(15), 3692; https://doi.org/10.3390/en19153692 - 5 Aug 2026
Viewed by 183
Abstract
Low-emission zones, known in Poland as clean transport zones, grant or deny access according to a vehicle’s Euro standard, age and fuel. These administrative labels, however, are only loosely connected to what an internal combustion engine (ICE) actually emits on the road. The [...] Read more.
Low-emission zones, known in Poland as clean transport zones, grant or deny access according to a vehicle’s Euro standard, age and fuel. These administrative labels, however, are only loosely connected to what an internal combustion engine (ICE) actually emits on the road. The founding assumption of a Euro-based zone is that the Euro stage is a usable proxy for the mass a vehicle emits, so admitting newer classes lowers the fleet emission inventory, the activity-weighted sum of class emission factors defined as the product of fleet frequency, in-zone activity and emission factor. This paper tests that assumption directly. A paradox follows: a newer, compliant, large and heavy vehicle can release more carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulate matter (PM) than an older, smaller vehicle that the same rule turns away. We develop a reproducible emission-accounting framework that pairs real-world emission factors, resolved by Euro standard, fuel, engine displacement and mass, with a mass-dependent treatment of non-exhaust particles. Given the number of petrol, diesel, liquefied-petroleum-gas (LPG) and electric vehicles in a fleet and the areas of the city and the zone, the model returns daily emissions and their density per square kilometre before and after a rule is applied. For a fleet parameterised on Polish statistics, the Warsaw and Kraków criterion removes about 80% of zone NOx, because the oldest vehicles are also the high-NOx diesels; the same rule, however, removes only about 40% of CO2 and 48% of PM, and it shifts the admitted fleet toward heavier vehicles that produce more non-exhaust PM. Emission-based, fuel-based and hybrid criteria deliver larger and fairer reductions at the same level of stringency. Aligning zone access with real combustion emissions is therefore both more effective and more equitable, and it supports the wider goals of sustainable, low-carbon urban mobility. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Alternative Fuels, Combustion and Emissions of Internal Combustion Engines)
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19 pages, 5478 KB  
Article
Analysis of Pollutant Emissions and Fuel Consumption in Chassis Dynamometer Testing of a Passenger Car Under United Nations Climate and Sustainability Frameworks
by Monika Andrych-Zalewska, Katarzyna Bebkiewicz, Zdzisław Chłopek, Jerzy Merkisz and Jacek Pielecha
Energies 2026, 19(15), 3533; https://doi.org/10.3390/en19153533 - 27 Jul 2026
Viewed by 267
Abstract
This publication presents the results of studies on exhaust emissions and fuel consumption from spark-ignition engines in the NEDC test, which applies to the vast majority of passenger cars in use in the European Union. This emissions testing procedure was selected based on [...] Read more.
This publication presents the results of studies on exhaust emissions and fuel consumption from spark-ignition engines in the NEDC test, which applies to the vast majority of passenger cars in use in the European Union. This emissions testing procedure was selected based on an analysis of the number of existing engines meeting specific emission standards. A statistical analysis of the studied processes was conducted. Additionally, the product of speed and acceleration modulus was examined as quantities characterizing the dynamic characteristics of the vehicle speed process during testing. Correlation studies of vehicle speed and exhaust emission rates, particle number rates, and mass fuel consumption rates were presented. Average distance-specific emissions, average distance-specific particulate number, and average distance-specific fuel consumption were determined in the NEDC test. The probability density distributions of the investigated processes in the NEDC test were analyzed. Based on an assessment of the conformity of the studied sets with the normal distribution using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov, Lilliefors, and Shapiro–Wilk hypotheses, it was concluded that there was no basis for accepting the hypotheses that the sets conform to the normal distribution. Moreover, the power spectral density of the investigated processes was evaluated. Significant variation in spectral characteristics, especially at high frequencies, was identified, revealing substantial dynamic differences between the processes. The average road emission values in the NEDC test were significantly lower than even the limits for Euro 7. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Alternative Fuels, Combustion and Emissions of Internal Combustion Engines)
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