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Electronics
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Cognitive Radio: Use the Spectrum in a More Efficient Way
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Cognitive Radio: Use the Spectrum in a More Efficient Way

A special issue of Electronics (ISSN 2079-9292). This special issue belongs to the section "Microwave and Wireless Communications".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2014) | Viewed by 33635

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Sanqing Hu

E-Mail
Guest Editor
Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA
Interests: cognitive radio; MAC protocols; cellular networks; machine learning

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The emergence and development of new wireless communication systems leads to a significant increase in the demand for radio resources, resulting in a spectrum shortage. Meanwhile, according to the Federal Communications Commission records, a large portion of the spectrum resources allocated to licensed network users are underutilized. Cognitive radio (CR) is a promising technology to mitigate the spectrum scarcity issue because it helps wireless communication systems to utilize the spectrum in a dynamic and more efficient way. In the CR paradigm, cognitive radio users are allowed to access the frequency bands that have been allocated to licensed network users but are not used at a particular time. Therefore, the cognitive radio users should have the ability to locate and utilize the unused frequency bands, and meanwhile be aware of the existence of the licensed users when they are occupying the spectrum. Currently, there are still a lot of technical as well as economic challenges that need to be addressed before the full deployment of cognitive radio.

This Special Issue is intended to present novel and high-quality research papers and reviews in the field of cognitive radio.

Dr. Sanqing Hu
Dr. Lian Zhao
Dr. Nazanin Rahnavard
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • spectrum sensing and measurements
  • medium access control design for cognitive radio networks
  • physical layer design of cognitive radio networks
  • artificial intelligence and machine learning for cognitive radio networks
  • MIMO, OFDM in cognitive radio
  • resource allocation, game theory in cognitive radio
  • dynamic spectrum access
  • cognitive radio in cellular networks
  • spectrum sharing, mobility management, QoS
  • cross-layer design for cognitive radio networks
  • cognitive radio network security
  • DSP for cognitive radio
  • standards and testbed
  • compressive sensing for cognitive radio networks

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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18 pages, 2003 KiB  
Article
Data-Throughput Enhancement Using Data Mining-Informed Cognitive Radio
by Khashayar Kotobi, Philip B. Mainwaring, Conrad S. Tucker and Sven G. Bilén
Electronics 2015, 4(2), 221-238; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics4020221 - 26 Mar 2015
Cited by 22 | Viewed by 7830
Abstract
We propose the data mining-informed cognitive radio, which uses non-traditional data sources and data-mining techniques for decision making and improving the performance of a wireless network. To date, the application of information other than wireless channel data in cognitive radios has not been [...] Read more.
We propose the data mining-informed cognitive radio, which uses non-traditional data sources and data-mining techniques for decision making and improving the performance of a wireless network. To date, the application of information other than wireless channel data in cognitive radios has not been significantly studied. We use a novel dataset (Twitter traffic) as an indicator of network load in a wireless channel. Using this dataset, we present and test a series of predictive algorithms that show an improvement in wireless channel utilization over traditional collision-detection algorithms. Our results demonstrate the viability of using these novel datasets to inform and create more efficient cognitive radio networks. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cognitive Radio: Use the Spectrum in a More Efficient Way)
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14 pages, 388 KiB  
Article
Kronecker-Based Fusion Rule for Cooperative Spectrum Sensingwith Multi-Antenna Receivers
by Sadiq Ali, Magnus Jansson, Gonzalo Seco-Granados and José A. López-Salcedo
Electronics 2014, 3(4), 675-688; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics3040675 - 10 Dec 2014
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 4664
Abstract
This paper considers a novel fusion rule for spectrum sensing scheme for a cognitive radio network with multi-antenna receivers. The proposed scheme exploits the fact that when any primary signal is present, measurements are spatially correlated due to presence of inter-antenna and inter-receiver [...] Read more.
This paper considers a novel fusion rule for spectrum sensing scheme for a cognitive radio network with multi-antenna receivers. The proposed scheme exploits the fact that when any primary signal is present, measurements are spatially correlated due to presence of inter-antenna and inter-receiver spatial correlation. In order to exploit this spatial structure, the generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT) operates with the determinant of the sample covariance matrix. Therefore, it depends on the sample size N and the dimensionality of the received data (i.e., the number of receivers K and antennas L). However, when the dimensionality fK; Lg is on the order, or larger than the sample size N, the GLRT degenerates due to the ill-conditioning of the sample covariance matrix. In order to circumvent this issue, we propose two techniques that exploit the inner spatial structure of the received observations by using single pair and multi-pairs Kronecker products. The performance of the proposed detectors is evaluated by means of numerical simulations, showing important advantages with respect to the traditional (i.e., unstructured) GLRT approach. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cognitive Radio: Use the Spectrum in a More Efficient Way)
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11 pages, 281 KiB  
Article
Cognitive Spectrum Sensing with Multiple Primary Users in Rayleigh Fading Channels
by Salam Al-Juboori, Sattar J. Hussain and Xavier Fernando
Electronics 2014, 3(3), 553-563; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics3030553 - 23 Sep 2014
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 5034
Abstract
Accurate detection of white spaces is crucial in cognitive radio networks. Initial investigations show that the accurate detection in a multiple primary users environment is challenging, especially under severe multipath conditions. Among many techniques, recently proposed eigenvalue-based detectors that use random matrix theories [...] Read more.
Accurate detection of white spaces is crucial in cognitive radio networks. Initial investigations show that the accurate detection in a multiple primary users environment is challenging, especially under severe multipath conditions. Among many techniques, recently proposed eigenvalue-based detectors that use random matrix theories to eliminate the need of prior knowledge of the signals proved to be a solid approach. In this work, we study the effect of Rayleigh multipath fading channels on spectrum sensing in a multiple primary user environment for a pre-proposed detector called the spherical detector using the eigenvalue approach. Simulation results show interesting outcomes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cognitive Radio: Use the Spectrum in a More Efficient Way)
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15 pages, 121 KiB  
Article
Optimal Power Allocation for MIMO-MAC in Cognitive Radio Networks
by Peter He, Guangming (Minco) He and Lian Zhao
Electronics 2014, 3(3), 538-552; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics3030538 - 12 Sep 2014
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 5372
Abstract
This paper considers a cognitive radio (CR) network, in which the unlicensed (secondary) users (SUs) are allowed to concurrently access the spectrum allocated to the licensed (primary) users, provided that the interference of SUs with the primary users (PUs) satisfies certain constraints. It [...] Read more.
This paper considers a cognitive radio (CR) network, in which the unlicensed (secondary) users (SUs) are allowed to concurrently access the spectrum allocated to the licensed (primary) users, provided that the interference of SUs with the primary users (PUs) satisfies certain constraints. It is more general and owns a stronger challenge to ensure the quality of service (QoS) of PUs, as well as to maximize the sum-rate of SUs. On the other hand, the multiple-antenna mobile user case has not been well investigated for the target problem in the open literature. We refer to this setting as multiple input multiple output multiple access channels (MIMO-MAC) in the CR network. Subject to the interference constraints of SUs and the peak power constraints of SUs, the sum-rate maximization problem is solved. To efficiently maximize the achievable sum-rate of SUs, a tight pair of upper and lower bounds, as an interval, of the optimal Lagrange multiplier is proposed. It can avoid ineffectiveness or inefficiency when the dual decomposition is used. Furthermore, a novel water-filling-like algorithm is proposed for the inner loop computation of the proposed problem. It is shown that this algorithm used in the inner loop computation can obtain the exact solution with a few finite computations, to avoid one more loop, which would be embedded in the inner loop. In addition, the proposed approach overcomes the limitation of Hermitian matrices, as optimization variables. This limitation to the optimization problem in several complex variables has not been well investigated so far. As a result, our analysis and results are solidly extended to the field of complex numbers, which are more compatible with practical communication systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cognitive Radio: Use the Spectrum in a More Efficient Way)
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Review

Jump to: Research

25 pages, 382 KiB  
Review
Multicarrier Spread Spectrum Modulation Schemes and Efficient FFT Algorithms for Cognitive Radio Systems
by Mohandass Sundararajan and Umamaheswari Govindaswamy
Electronics 2014, 3(3), 419-443; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics3030419 - 17 Jul 2014
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 9637
Abstract
Spread spectrum (SS) and multicarrier modulation (MCM) techniques are recognized as potential candidates for the design of underlay and interweave cognitive radio (CR) systems, respectively. Direct Sequence Code Division Multiple Access (DS-CDMA) is a spread spectrum technique generally used in underlay CR systems. [...] Read more.
Spread spectrum (SS) and multicarrier modulation (MCM) techniques are recognized as potential candidates for the design of underlay and interweave cognitive radio (CR) systems, respectively. Direct Sequence Code Division Multiple Access (DS-CDMA) is a spread spectrum technique generally used in underlay CR systems. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is the basic MCM technique, primarily used in interweave CR systems. There are other MCM schemes derived from OFDM technique, like Non-Contiguous OFDM, Spread OFDM, and OFDM-OQAM, which are more suitable for CR systems. Multicarrier Spread Spectrum Modulation (MCSSM) schemes like MC-CDMA, MC-DS-CDMA and SS-MC-CDMA, combine DS-CDMA and OFDM techniques in order to improve the CR system performance and adaptability. This article gives a detailed survey of the various spread spectrum and multicarrier modulation schemes proposed in the literature. Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) plays a vital role in all the multicarrier modulation techniques. The FFT part of the modem can be used for spectrum sensing. The performance of the FFT operator plays a crucial role in the overall performance of the system. Since the cognitive radio is an adaptive system, the FFT operator must also be adaptive for various input/output values, in order to save energy and time taken for execution. This article also includes the various efficient FFT algorithms proposed in the literature, which are suitable for CR systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cognitive Radio: Use the Spectrum in a More Efficient Way)
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