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Cognitive Radio: Use the Spectrum in a More Efficient Way

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A special issue of Electronics (ISSN 2079-9292). This special issue belongs to the section "Microwave and Wireless Communications".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2014) | Viewed by 30625

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Special Issue Editor

Dr. Sanqing Hu

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Guest Editor

Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA
Interests: cognitive radio; MAC protocols; cellular networks; machine learning

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The emergence and development of new wireless communication systems leads to a significant increase in the demand for radio resources, resulting in a spectrum shortage. Meanwhile, according to the Federal Communications Commission records, a large portion of the spectrum resources allocated to licensed network users are underutilized. Cognitive radio (CR) is a promising technology to mitigate the spectrum scarcity issue because it helps wireless communication systems to utilize the spectrum in a dynamic and more efficient way. In the CR paradigm, cognitive radio users are allowed to access the frequency bands that have been allocated to licensed network users but are not used at a particular time. Therefore, the cognitive radio users should have the ability to locate and utilize the unused frequency bands, and meanwhile be aware of the existence of the licensed users when they are occupying the spectrum. Currently, there are still a lot of technical as well as economic challenges that need to be addressed before the full deployment of cognitive radio.

This Special Issue is intended to present novel and high-quality research papers and reviews in the field of cognitive radio.

Dr. Sanqing Hu
Dr. Lian Zhao
Dr. Nazanin Rahnavard
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

spectrum sensing and measurements
medium access control design for cognitive radio networks
physical layer design of cognitive radio networks
artificial intelligence and machine learning for cognitive radio networks
MIMO, OFDM in cognitive radio
resource allocation, game theory in cognitive radio
dynamic spectrum access
cognitive radio in cellular networks
spectrum sharing, mobility management, QoS
cross-layer design for cognitive radio networks
cognitive radio network security
DSP for cognitive radio
standards and testbed
compressive sensing for cognitive radio networks

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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2003 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Data-Throughput Enhancement Using Data Mining-Informed Cognitive Radio

by Khashayar Kotobi, Philip B. Mainwaring, Conrad S. Tucker and Sven G. Bilén

Electronics 2015, 4(2), 221-238; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics4020221 - 26 Mar 2015

Cited by 21 | Viewed by 7339

Abstract

We propose the data mining-informed cognitive radio, which uses non-traditional data sources and data-mining techniques for decision making and improving the performance of a wireless network. To date, the application of information other than wireless channel data in cognitive radios has not been significantly studied. We use a novel dataset (Twitter traffic) as an indicator of network load in a wireless channel. Using this dataset, we present and test a series of predictive algorithms that show an improvement in wireless channel utilization over traditional collision-detection algorithms. Our results demonstrate the viability of using these novel datasets to inform and create more efficient cognitive radio networks. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cognitive Radio: Use the Spectrum in a More Efficient Way)

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388 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Kronecker-Based Fusion Rule for Cooperative Spectrum Sensingwith Multi-Antenna Receivers

by Sadiq Ali, Magnus Jansson, Gonzalo Seco-Granados and José A. López-Salcedo

Electronics 2014, 3(4), 675-688; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics3040675 - 10 Dec 2014

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 4196

Abstract

This paper considers a novel fusion rule for spectrum sensing scheme for a cognitive radio network with multi-antenna receivers. The proposed scheme exploits the fact that when any primary signal is present, measurements are spatially correlated due to presence of inter-antenna and inter-receiver spatial correlation. In order to exploit this spatial structure, the generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT) operates with the determinant of the sample covariance matrix. Therefore, it depends on the sample size N and the dimensionality of the received data (i.e., the number of receivers K and antennas L). However, when the dimensionality fK; Lg is on the order, or larger than the sample size N, the GLRT degenerates due to the ill-conditioning of the sample covariance matrix. In order to circumvent this issue, we propose two techniques that exploit the inner spatial structure of the received observations by using single pair and multi-pairs Kronecker products. The performance of the proposed detectors is evaluated by means of numerical simulations, showing important advantages with respect to the traditional (i.e., unstructured) GLRT approach. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cognitive Radio: Use the Spectrum in a More Efficient Way)

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281 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Cognitive Spectrum Sensing with Multiple Primary Users in Rayleigh Fading Channels

by Salam Al-Juboori, Sattar J. Hussain and Xavier Fernando

Electronics 2014, 3(3), 553-563; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics3030553 - 23 Sep 2014

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 4634

Abstract

Accurate detection of white spaces is crucial in cognitive radio networks. Initial investigations show that the accurate detection in a multiple primary users environment is challenging, especially under severe multipath conditions. Among many techniques, recently proposed eigenvalue-based detectors that use random matrix theories to eliminate the need of prior knowledge of the signals proved to be a solid approach. In this work, we study the effect of Rayleigh multipath fading channels on spectrum sensing in a multiple primary user environment for a pre-proposed detector called the spherical detector using the eigenvalue approach. Simulation results show interesting outcomes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cognitive Radio: Use the Spectrum in a More Efficient Way)

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121 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Optimal Power Allocation for MIMO-MAC in Cognitive Radio Networks

by Peter He, Guangming (Minco) He and Lian Zhao

Electronics 2014, 3(3), 538-552; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics3030538 - 12 Sep 2014

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 4904

Abstract

This paper considers a cognitive radio (CR) network, in which the unlicensed (secondary) users (SUs) are allowed to concurrently access the spectrum allocated to the licensed (primary) users, provided that the interference of SUs with the primary users (PUs) satisfies certain constraints. It is more general and owns a stronger challenge to ensure the quality of service (QoS) of PUs, as well as to maximize the sum-rate of SUs. On the other hand, the multiple-antenna mobile user case has not been well investigated for the target problem in the open literature. We refer to this setting as multiple input multiple output multiple access channels (MIMO-MAC) in the CR network. Subject to the interference constraints of SUs and the peak power constraints of SUs, the sum-rate maximization problem is solved. To efficiently maximize the achievable sum-rate of SUs, a tight pair of upper and lower bounds, as an interval, of the optimal Lagrange multiplier is proposed. It can avoid ineffectiveness or inefficiency when the dual decomposition is used. Furthermore, a novel water-filling-like algorithm is proposed for the inner loop computation of the proposed problem. It is shown that this algorithm used in the inner loop computation can obtain the exact solution with a few finite computations, to avoid one more loop, which would be embedded in the inner loop. In addition, the proposed approach overcomes the limitation of Hermitian matrices, as optimization variables. This limitation to the optimization problem in several complex variables has not been well investigated so far. As a result, our analysis and results are solidly extended to the field of complex numbers, which are more compatible with practical communication systems. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cognitive Radio: Use the Spectrum in a More Efficient Way)

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Review

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382 KiB

Open AccessReview

Multicarrier Spread Spectrum Modulation Schemes and Efficient FFT Algorithms for Cognitive Radio Systems

by Mohandass Sundararajan and Umamaheswari Govindaswamy

Electronics 2014, 3(3), 419-443; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics3030419 - 17 Jul 2014

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 8708

Abstract

Spread spectrum (SS) and multicarrier modulation (MCM) techniques are recognized as potential candidates for the design of underlay and interweave cognitive radio (CR) systems, respectively. Direct Sequence Code Division Multiple Access (DS-CDMA) is a spread spectrum technique generally used in underlay CR systems. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is the basic MCM technique, primarily used in interweave CR systems. There are other MCM schemes derived from OFDM technique, like Non-Contiguous OFDM, Spread OFDM, and OFDM-OQAM, which are more suitable for CR systems. Multicarrier Spread Spectrum Modulation (MCSSM) schemes like MC-CDMA, MC-DS-CDMA and SS-MC-CDMA, combine DS-CDMA and OFDM techniques in order to improve the CR system performance and adaptability. This article gives a detailed survey of the various spread spectrum and multicarrier modulation schemes proposed in the literature. Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) plays a vital role in all the multicarrier modulation techniques. The FFT part of the modem can be used for spectrum sensing. The performance of the FFT operator plays a crucial role in the overall performance of the system. Since the cognitive radio is an adaptive system, the FFT operator must also be adaptive for various input/output values, in order to save energy and time taken for execution. This article also includes the various efficient FFT algorithms proposed in the literature, which are suitable for CR systems. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cognitive Radio: Use the Spectrum in a More Efficient Way)

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