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Electronics
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Application of Microgrids in Power System
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Application of Microgrids in Power System

A special issue of Electronics (ISSN 2079-9292).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 November 2026 | Viewed by 1323

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Teodora Lazar

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, University of Petroşani, 332006 Petroşani, Romania
Interests: microgrids; energy security; power systems; sustainable energy; critical energy infrastructure; electrical safety; electrical equipment; energy management
Dr. Dragos Pasculescu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, University of Petroşani, 332006 Petroşani, Romania
Interests: electrical networks; transformer stations and substations; optimization of electricity consumption; electrical safety; electrical equipment; electricity generation; industrial electrical installations; mining electrical installations; optimization of electrical network operation; electrical systems of power plants and substations
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The integration of microgrids into modern power systems represents a critical evolution towards resilient and sustainable energy networks. Microgrids are fundamental in enhancing energy security, safeguarding critical energy infrastructure, and facilitating the transition toward sustainable energy systems.

This Special Issue, "Application of Microgrids in Power System", aims to gather innovative research on the deployment, operation, and optimization of microgrids within broader electrical networks. We focus on advanced energy management, electricity generation, and the optimization of electrical network operation. Furthermore, the Issue explores the integration challenges of electrical systems of power plants and substations, including transformer stations and substations. Special attention is given to electrical safety and the reliability of electrical equipment in complex environments, such as industrial electrical installations and mining electrical installations.

We invite researchers and industry experts to contribute original research articles and comprehensive reviews. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Integration of microgrids into electrical networks and power systems;
  • Energy security and the protection of critical energy infrastructure;
  • Energy management and the optimization of electricity consumption;
  • Cyber security of microgrids and smart grid technologies;
  • Sustainable energy generation and distributed energy resources;
  • Electrical systems of power plants, transformer stations, and substations;
  • Electrical safety and the protection of electrical equipment;
  • Solutions for industrial electrical and mining electrical installations;
  • Optimization of electrical network operation in grid-connected and islanded modes.

Dr. Teodora Lazar
Dr. Dragos Pasculescu
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Electronics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • microgrids
  • power systems
  • energy security
  • energy management
  • electrical safety
  • cyber security
  • sustainable energy
  • critical energy infrastructure
  • electrical networks
  • optimization of electricity consumption

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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42 pages, 8134 KB  
Article
Risk Management of Microgrids in Power System for Enhanced Energy Security and National Resilience
by Nicolae Daniel Fita, Mila Ilieva Obretenova, Marius Daniel Marcu, Constantin Razvan Olteanu, Florin Gabriel Popescu, Marius Gheorghe Manafu, Florin Muresan-Grecu, Adrian Mihai Schiopu, Ioan Lucian Diodiu, Aurelian Nicola, Gabriela Popescu and Alexandru Andrei Radu
Electronics 2026, 15(11), 2397; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics15112397 - 1 Jun 2026
Viewed by 272
Abstract
The increasing penetration of distributed energy resources and the growing vulnerability of centralized power systems to natural hazards, terrorist attacks, acts of sabotage, technical incidents, and operational uncertainties have intensified the need for resilient and secure energy infrastructures. Microgrids have emerged as a [...] Read more.
The increasing penetration of distributed energy resources and the growing vulnerability of centralized power systems to natural hazards, terrorist attacks, acts of sabotage, technical incidents, and operational uncertainties have intensified the need for resilient and secure energy infrastructures. Microgrids have emerged as a promising solution to enhance energy security by enabling the localized generation, autonomous operation, and flexible integration of renewable energy sources. However, their effective deployment introduces complex risks related to technical, economic, and operational uncertainties. This paper presents a comprehensive framework for risk management in microgrids within modern power systems, aiming to improve the overall security and resilience of Romania’s power system. The study systematically identifies and evaluates the main risk scenarios affecting the power system: natural disasters, terrorist attacks, acts of sabotage, and technical incidents. In addition, to achieve an in-depth analysis, the paper also discusses the SWOT and PESTEL analyses of the Romanian power system, as well as its resilience. A multi-level risk assessment methodology is proposed, combining probabilistic analysis with severity (impact) analysis. The proposed approach is validated through case studies based on risk scenario assessments, demonstrating its effectiveness in improving microgrid performance under diverse disturbance conditions. The results highlight the critical role of proactive risk management in supporting energy security objectives, while ensuring stable and resilient operation of the Romanian power system. This research contributes to the development of adaptive and sustainable power systems, capable of addressing future challenges in an increasingly decentralized energy landscape, and can be adapted to any modern power system worldwide. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Microgrids in Power System)
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26 pages, 1934 KB  
Article
Assessing the Impact of HVDC Interconnections on Transmission Networks with High Renewable Penetration: The Sicilian Case of the TUN-ITA and Tyrrhenian Link
by Nicola Collura, Fabio Massaro, Enrica Di Mambro, Salvatore Paradiso and Antonio Scialabba
Electronics 2026, 15(10), 2121; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics15102121 - 15 May 2026
Viewed by 306
Abstract
This paper investigates the impact of renewable energy source (RES) integration on the Sicilian transmission network, considering the commissioning of new Mediterranean interconnections, namely the TUN-ITA and the Tyrrhenian Link. The expansion of transmission infrastructures and the increasing penetration of RES require an [...] Read more.
This paper investigates the impact of renewable energy source (RES) integration on the Sicilian transmission network, considering the commissioning of new Mediterranean interconnections, namely the TUN-ITA and the Tyrrhenian Link. The expansion of transmission infrastructures and the increasing penetration of RES require an assessment of the Sicilian power system’s capability to accommodate high levels of power injection. This study was carried out in collaboration with the Italian transmission system operator Terna S.p.A. and the University of Palermo. It aims to evaluate the evolution of transmission line loading under future RES integration scenarios consistent with grid connection requests submitted to Terna and with national energy policy targets. The proposed methodology integrates micro-zonal assessments of wind and solar potential, estimation of capacity factors, development of RES capacity expansion scenarios, and steady-state power flow simulations. The simulations were performed using WinCreso® software version 7.69 for three time horizons: 2028, 2029, and 2035. The results show the most congested transmission lines and the network areas most exposed to congestion. The analysis provides operational insights for prioritizing grid reinforcement measures and proposes a replicable methodological framework for other transmission system operators facing similar RES integration challenges. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Microgrids in Power System)
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24 pages, 2148 KB  
Article
Evaluation of the Locational Value of Diverse Non-Wires Alternative Portfolios for Network Investment Deferral: From Individual DERs to Integrated Controllable Microgrids
by Juwon Park, San Kim and Sung-Kwan Joo
Electronics 2026, 15(9), 1843; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics15091843 - 27 Apr 2026
Viewed by 314
Abstract
Increasing load demand and localized constraints are driving the need for cost-effective alternatives to traditional network reinforcement. However, existing Non-Wires Alternative (NWA) planning approaches often rely on simplified assumptions or computationally intensive full-year optimization, limiting their practical applicability. This study proposes a planning-oriented [...] Read more.
Increasing load demand and localized constraints are driving the need for cost-effective alternatives to traditional network reinforcement. However, existing Non-Wires Alternative (NWA) planning approaches often rely on simplified assumptions or computationally intensive full-year optimization, limiting their practical applicability. This study proposes a planning-oriented method integrating 8760-h Direct Load Flow (DLF)-based assessment, worst-case screening, and Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP)-based resource sizing for the coordinated deployment of Energy Storage Systems (ESSs), Demand Response (DR), and Photovoltaic (PV) resources, along with building-scale microgrid candidates. The proposed microgrid candidates are modeled as grid-connected, building-scale configurations in which PV, ESSs, and DR are co-located at a single node, representing integrated resource units within the distribution system. The results show that voltage constraints are the dominant limiting factor and that NWAs primarily function as an investment deferral strategy rather than a full replacement for traditional reinforcement, delaying constraint violations by approximately 2 to 14 years. An ESS provides the most direct contribution to constraint mitigation, while DR and PV offer complementary support. The results also highlight the importance of locational deployment. In particular, a co-located microgrid configuration (MG_111) is selected as the optimal portfolio under moderate load growth conditions (Case B, 2%), demonstrating the practical feasibility of integrated DER deployment at a single node. Economic feasibility is found to be highly sensitive to incentive design, with profitability achieved only under favorable compensation conditions. These results demonstrate that coordinated DER portfolios can effectively extend deferral periods and provide practical insights into cost-effective NWA planning under realistic operating conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Microgrids in Power System)
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Review

Jump to: Research

32 pages, 2448 KB  
Review
A Review of Energy Storage Economics, Load Forecasting, and Hybrid Control Strategies for AC Microgrids in Modern Power Systems
by Yaser Ibrahim Rashed Alshdaifat, Krishnamachar Prasad and Jeff Kilby
Electronics 2026, 15(12), 2549; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics15122549 - 9 Jun 2026
Viewed by 102
Abstract
As power grids transition towards highly renewable generation on a global scale, maintaining dynamic stability is becoming a major challenge. Replacing traditional synchronous generators with inverter-based renewables strips the grid of rotational inertia, leaving active distribution networks highly vulnerable to frequency deviations and [...] Read more.
As power grids transition towards highly renewable generation on a global scale, maintaining dynamic stability is becoming a major challenge. Replacing traditional synchronous generators with inverter-based renewables strips the grid of rotational inertia, leaving active distribution networks highly vulnerable to frequency deviations and voltage spikes. To avoid expensive poles and wires upgrades, Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) are increasingly being deployed as Non-Network Solutions (NNS). However, the current literature reveals a distinct gap between the macro-scale economic planning of these storage assets and the micro-scale dynamic control actually required to keep the grid resilient. To address this gap, this review proposes a multi-layer deterministic synthesis framework that links physical renewable modelling, degradation-aware techno-economic planning, deterministic forecasting, and EMS dispatch through offline time-domain control validation for AC-microgrid energy storage integration. The research examines how advanced central control units within battery management systems can rigorously and jointly estimate State of Charge (SoC) and State of Energy (SoE) to ensure accurate grid-aware dispatch. Furthermore, the study explores the integration of degradation-aware economic modelling in HOMER Pro with dynamic transient control in MATLAB/Simulink R2025b, driven by hybrid metaheuristic optimization algorithms like Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). This analysis demonstrates that integrating energy storage must be treated as a tightly coupled multidimensional optimization problem to successfully deliver the secure and sustainable infrastructure needed to solve the modern energy trilemma. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Microgrids in Power System)
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