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Emerging Theory and Applications in Fault Diagnosis and Motor Drive...
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Emerging Theory and Applications in Fault Diagnosis and Motor Drive Control

A special issue of Electronics (ISSN 2079-9292). This special issue belongs to the section "Systems & Control Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 July 2024 | Viewed by 4752

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Francisco Vedreño-Santos

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Computing, Engineering and the Built Environment, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh EH10 5DT, UK
Interests: diagnostics and condition monitoring of electric machines; signal processing and design and control of power electronics for wind power applications
Prof. Dr. Daniel Morinigo-Sotelo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Research Group HSPdigital-ADIRE, Institute of Advanced Production Technologies (ITAP), University of Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
Interests: fault detection and diagnostics of induction machines; power quality; smart grids
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Lucia Frosini

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 5, 27100 Pavia, Italy
Interests: design, modelling, simulation, and diagnostics of rotating electrical machines (induction motors, permanent magnet synchronous motors, synchronous reluctance motors), as well as transformers, especially from the electromagnetic point of view
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The field of electrical machine fault diagnosis and motor drive control has witnessed unprecedented advancements in recent years, driven by the integration of emerging theories and applications. Electrical machine fault diagnosis and motor drive control play pivotal roles in ensuring the reliability, efficiency and safety of electrical machines and drives, making them indispensable components in industrial applications. This Special Issue aims to explore and showcase the latest developments in this dynamic and critical research area by exploring emerging theories and methodologies that push the boundaries of fault diagnosis and motor drive control, investigating the application of state-of-the-art technologies and new signal processing techniques to enhancing fault detection and motor drive performance and showcasing innovative control strategies that ensure the stability, efficiency, and adaptability of motor drive systems in the presence of faults.

The advent of advanced technologies and development in new signal processing techniques has significantly influenced the landscape of electrical machine fault diagnosis and motor drive control. These have empowered researchers and practitioners to design more robust and reliable systems capable of detecting and mitigating incipient faults, even in real time. Additionally, the escalating demand for energy-efficient and high-performance motor drive systems has spurred innovative approaches in control strategies, encompassing new predictive and adaptive methodologies.

The reliability and efficiency of motor drive systems are paramount in numerous industries, including manufacturing, transportation, and renewable energy. Faults in these systems can lead to catastrophic consequences, resulting in substantial economic losses and safety hazards. Hence, the development of advanced fault diagnosis techniques for electrical machines and new motor drive control strategies are crucial to pre-emptively identify and address these issues, ensuring continuous and safe operation.

In this Special Issue, original research articles and reviews are welcome. Research areas may include (but are not limited to) the following:

  • Diagnosis of three-phase and multi-phase induction machines.
  • Diagnosis of three-phase and multi-phase synchronous machines.
  • Diagnosis of three-phase and multi-phase permanent magnet machines.
  • New signal processing techniques for the detection of electrical machine’s faults under transient and steady-state conditions.
  • New signal processing techniques for the detection of electrical machine faults fed from converters.
  • Fault-tolerant motor drives control strategies.

Dr. Francisco Vedreño-Santos
Prof. Dr. Daniel Morinigo-Sotelo
Prof. Dr. Lucia Frosini
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Electronics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • fault detection
  • electrical machines
  • induction machines
  • synchronous machines
  • permanent magnet motor drive
  • signal processing
  • multi-phase electrical machines
  • fault-tolerant drives
  • fault-tolerant control strategies
  • motor drive control

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 6197 KiB  
Article
Applications of the TL-Based Fault Diagnostic System for the Capacitor in Hybrid Aircraft
by Maciej Skowron, Stanisław Oliszewski, Mateusz Dybkowski, Jeremi Jan Jarosz, Marcin Pawlak, Sebastien Weisse, Jerome Valire, Agnieszka Wyłomańska, Radosław Zimroz and Krzysztof Szabat
Electronics 2024, 13(9), 1638; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13091638 - 24 Apr 2024
Viewed by 710
Abstract
The article concerns the problem of capacitor diagnosis in a hybrid aircraft. Capacitors are one of the most commonly damaged components of electrical vehicle drive systems. The result of these failures is an increase in voltage ripple. Most known analytical methods are based [...] Read more.
The article concerns the problem of capacitor diagnosis in a hybrid aircraft. Capacitors are one of the most commonly damaged components of electrical vehicle drive systems. The result of these failures is an increase in voltage ripple. Most known analytical methods are based on frequency spectrum analysis, which is time-consuming and computationally complex. The use of deep neural networks (DNNs) allows for the direct use of the measurement signal, which reduces the operating time of the overall diagnostic system. However, the problem with these networks is the long training process. Therefore, this article uses transfer learning (TL), which allows for the secondary use of previously learnt DNNs. To collect data to learn the network, a test bench with the ability to simulate a capacitor failure was constructed, and a model based on it was made in the MATLAB/Simulink environment. A convolutional neural network (CNN) structure was developed and trained by the TL method to estimate the capacitance of the capacitor based on signals from the Simulink-designed model. The proposed fault diagnostic method is characterised by a nearly 100% efficiency in determining capacitance, with an operating time of about 10 ms, regardless of load and supply voltage. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Theory and Applications in Fault Diagnosis and Motor Drive Control)
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28 pages, 5555 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of Entropy Analysis as a Fault-Related Feature for Detecting Faults in Induction Motors and Their Kinematic Chain
by Arturo Y. Jaen-Cuellar, Juan J. Saucedo-Dorantes, David A. Elvira-Ortiz and Rene de J. Romero-Troncoso
Electronics 2024, 13(8), 1524; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13081524 - 17 Apr 2024
Viewed by 368
Abstract
The induction motors found in industrial and commercial applications are responsible for most of the energy consumption in the world. These machines are widely used because of their advantages like high efficiency, robustness, and practicality; nevertheless, the occurrence of unexpected faults may affect [...] Read more.
The induction motors found in industrial and commercial applications are responsible for most of the energy consumption in the world. These machines are widely used because of their advantages like high efficiency, robustness, and practicality; nevertheless, the occurrence of unexpected faults may affect their proper operation leading to unnecessary breakdowns with economic repercussions. For that reason, the development of methodologies that ensure their proper operation is very important, and in this sense, this paper presents an evaluation of signal entropy as an alternative fault-related feature for detecting faults in induction motors and their kinematic chain. The novelty and contribution lie in calculating a set of entropy-related features from vibration and stator current signals measured from an induction motor operating under different fault conditions. The aim of this work is to identify changes and trends in entropy-related features produced by faulty conditions such as broken rotor bars, damage in bearings, misalignment, unbalance, as well as different severities of uniform wear in gearboxes. The estimated entropy-related features are compared to other classical features in order to determine the sensitivity and potentiality of entropy in providing valuable information that could be useful in future work for developing a complete methodology for identifying and classifying faults. The performed analysis is applied to real experimental data acquired from a laboratory test bench and the obtained results depict that entropy-related features can provide significant information related to particular faults in induction motors and their kinematic chain. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Theory and Applications in Fault Diagnosis and Motor Drive Control)
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20 pages, 6800 KiB  
Article
Improved Diagnostic Approach for BRB Detection and Classification in Inverter-Driven Induction Motors Employing Sparse Stacked Autoencoder (SSAE) and LightGBM
by Muhammad Amir Khan, Bilal Asad, Toomas Vaimann and Ants Kallaste
Electronics 2024, 13(7), 1292; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13071292 - 30 Mar 2024
Viewed by 774
Abstract
This study introduces an innovative approach to diagnostics, employing a unique combination of techniques including a stratified group K-fold cross-validation method and a sparse stacked autoencoder (SSAE) alongside LightGBM. By examining signatures derived from motor current, voltage, speed, and torque, the framework aims [...] Read more.
This study introduces an innovative approach to diagnostics, employing a unique combination of techniques including a stratified group K-fold cross-validation method and a sparse stacked autoencoder (SSAE) alongside LightGBM. By examining signatures derived from motor current, voltage, speed, and torque, the framework aims to effectively detect and classify broken rotor bars (BRBs) within inverter-fed induction machines. In this kind of cross-validation method, class labels and grouping factors are spread out across folds by distributing motor operational data attributes equally over target label stratification and extra grouping information. By integrating SSAE and LightGBM, a gradient-boosting framework, we elevate the precision and efficacy of defect diagnosis. The SSAE feature extraction algorithm proves to be particularly effective in identifying small BRB signatures within motor operational data. Our approach relies on comprehensive datasets collected from motor systems operating under diverse loading conditions, ranging from 0% to 100%. Using a sparse stacked autoencoder, the model lowers the dimensionality and noise of the motor fault data. It then sends the cleaned data to the LightGBM network for fault diagnosis. LightGBM leverages the attributes of the sparse stacked autoencoder to showcase the distinctive qualities associated with BRBs. This integration offers the potential to improve defect identification by furnishing input representations that are both more precise and more concise. The proposed model (SSAE with LightGBM) was trained using 80% of the data, while the remaining 20% was used for testing. To validate the proposed architecture, we evaluate the accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-scores of the results using motor global signals, with the help of confusion matrices with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Following the training of a new LightGBM model with refined hyperparameters through Bayesian optimization, we proceed to conduct the final classification utilizing the optimal feature subset. Evaluation of the test dataset indicates that the BRBs diagnostic framework facilitates the detection and classification of issues with induction motor BRBs, achieving accuracy rates of up to 99% across all loading conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Theory and Applications in Fault Diagnosis and Motor Drive Control)
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18 pages, 3368 KiB  
Article
Transformer Core Fault Diagnosis via Current Signal Analysis with Pearson Correlation Feature Selection
by Daryl Domingo, Akeem Bayo Kareem, Chibuzo Nwabufo Okwuosa, Paul Michael Custodio and Jang-Wook Hur
Electronics 2024, 13(5), 926; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13050926 - 29 Feb 2024
Viewed by 725
Abstract
The role of transformers in power distribution is crucial, as their reliable operation is essential for maintaining the electrical grid’s stability. Single-phase transformers are highly versatile, making them suitable for various applications requiring precise voltage control and isolation. In this study, we investigated [...] Read more.
The role of transformers in power distribution is crucial, as their reliable operation is essential for maintaining the electrical grid’s stability. Single-phase transformers are highly versatile, making them suitable for various applications requiring precise voltage control and isolation. In this study, we investigated the fault diagnosis of a 1 kVA single-phase transformer core subjected to induced faults. Our diagnostic approach involved using a combination of advanced signal processing techniques, such as the fast Fourier transform (FFT) and Hilbert transform (HT), to analyze the current signals. Our analysis aimed to differentiate and characterize the unique signatures associated with each fault type, utilizing statistical feature selection based on the Pearson correlation and a machine learning classifier. Our results showed significant improvements in all metrics for the classifier models, particularly the k-nearest neighbor (KNN) algorithm, with 83.89% accuracy and a computational cost of 0.2963 s. For future studies, our focus will be on using deep learning models to improve the effectiveness of the proposed method. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Theory and Applications in Fault Diagnosis and Motor Drive Control)
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19 pages, 14858 KiB  
Article
Application of the STFT for Detection of the Rotor Unbalance of a Servo-Drive System with an Elastic Interconnection
by Pawel Ewert, Bartłomiej Wicher and Tomasz Pajchrowski
Electronics 2024, 13(2), 441; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13020441 - 21 Jan 2024
Viewed by 697
Abstract
The article focuses on the use of short-time Fourier transform (STFT) to detect the unbalance of a drive with a flexible connection between the driving machine and the load. The authors present the unbalance model and justify, through subsequent experiments, why the STFT-based [...] Read more.
The article focuses on the use of short-time Fourier transform (STFT) to detect the unbalance of a drive with a flexible connection between the driving machine and the load. The authors present the unbalance model and justify, through subsequent experiments, why the STFT-based approach is appropriate. The effectiveness of the presented method of analyzing signals from acceleration sensors was confirmed experimentally by designing an artificial neural network for detecting the unbalance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Theory and Applications in Fault Diagnosis and Motor Drive Control)
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19 pages, 17855 KiB  
Article
Comprehensive Diagnosis of Localized Rolling Bearing Faults during Rotating Machine Start-Up via Vibration Envelope Analysis
by Jose E. Ruiz-Sarrio, Jose A. Antonino-Daviu and Claudia Martis
Electronics 2024, 13(2), 375; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13020375 - 16 Jan 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 926
Abstract
The analysis of electrical machine faults during start-up, and variable speed and load conditions offers numerous advantages for fault detection and diagnosis. In this context, diagnosing localized bearing faults through vibration signals remains challenging, particularly in developing physically meaningful, simple, and resampling-free techniques [...] Read more.
The analysis of electrical machine faults during start-up, and variable speed and load conditions offers numerous advantages for fault detection and diagnosis. In this context, diagnosing localized bearing faults through vibration signals remains challenging, particularly in developing physically meaningful, simple, and resampling-free techniques to monitor fault characteristic components throughout machine start-up. This study introduces a straightforward method for qualitatively identifying the time-frequency evolutions of localized bearing faults during the start-up of an inverter-fed machine. The proposed technique utilizes the time-frequency representation of the envelope spectrum, effectively highlighting characteristic fault frequencies during transient operation. The method is tested in an open-source dataset including transient vibration signals. In addition, the work studies the method limitations induced by the mechanical transfer path, when the bearing surroundings are not directly accessible for vibration acquisition. The proposed methodology efficiently identifies incipient localized bearing faults during inverter-fed machine start-up when the fault signature is not highly attenuated. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Theory and Applications in Fault Diagnosis and Motor Drive Control)
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