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Diseases
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Diseases: From Molecular to the Clinical Perspectives
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Diseases: From Molecular to the Clinical Perspectives

A special issue of Diseases (ISSN 2079-9721).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 1 May 2026 | Viewed by 1121

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Omar Cauli

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Frailty and Cognitive Impairment—FROG Research Group, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
Interests: cognitive impairment; frailty syndrome; neurodevelopemntal disorders; depression; neuropathy; sleep; envirnomental factors; comorbidty; immune alterations; metabolic alterations; biomarkers
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are glad to announce the 1st International Online Conference on Diseases: From Molecular to the Clinical Perspectives, which is part of the International Online Conference on Diseases series.

This conference aims to provide leading scientists working in the field of diseases, from molecular to clinical perspectives, with a robust common platform through which to share and discuss the latest research and promote the advancement of this exciting and rapidly changing field. The website of IOCD-2025 is https://sciforum.net/event/IOCD2025.

We hope to encourage discovery across the discipline as we cover, in this Special Issue, the following themes in a broader way, from molecular to clinical perspectives:

  • Infectious diseases;
  • Nutrition and dietetics;
  • Immune and inflammatory diseases;
  • Geriatrics;
  • Cardiovascular diseases;
  • Neuropsychiatric disorders;
  • Endocrine and metabolic disorders.

Our journal Diseases (ISSN: 2079-9721) provides an advanced forum for studies related to human diseases and conditions. The aim of Diseases is to encourage scientists to publish their experimental and theoretical results in as much detail as possible. Diseases' actual metrics (2024): current impact factor of 3.0, listed within the JCR category rank Q2: Medicine, Research and Experimental; and a CiteScore of 3.7, within the CiteScore category rank Q1: General Medicine.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly reviewed through a single-blind peer review process.

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Prof. Dr. Omar Cauli
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diseases is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1800 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • cardiovascular diseases
  • gastrointestinal and urological diseases
  • endocrine diseases
  • nutritional diseases
  • infectious diseases
  • neurodegenerative diseases
  • chronic diseases
  • hereditary diseases
  • cancer
  • neuropsychiatric conditions and mental disorders
  • immunology
  • rare syndromes
  • pathology, therapy, and pathogenesis of human diseases
  • diseases and society, including patient care

Benefits of Publishing in a Special Issue

  • Ease of navigation: Grouping papers by topic helps scholars navigate broad scope journals more efficiently.
  • Greater discoverability: Special Issues support the reach and impact of scientific research. Articles in Special Issues are more discoverable and cited more frequently.
  • Expansion of research network: Special Issues facilitate connections among authors, fostering scientific collaborations.
  • External promotion: Articles in Special Issues are often promoted through the journal's social media, increasing their visibility.
  • Reprint: MDPI Books provides the opportunity to republish successful Special Issues in book format, both online and in print.

Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 1287 KB  
Article
Colorectal Cancer in the U.S., 1999–2021: Declining Rates, Rising Concerns, and Persistent Disparities
by Qais Bin Abdul Ghaffar, Sayed Maisum Mehdi Naqvi, Garrett Shields, Ebubekir Daglilar and Harleen Chela
Diseases 2025, 13(12), 392; https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases13120392 - 4 Dec 2025
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Abstract
Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and mortality have declined in the United States over the past two decades, yet disparities persist by age, sex, race/ethnicity, and geography. To characterize population-level survival signals, we examined trends in age-adjusted incidence rates (AAIR), mortality rates (AAMR), [...] Read more.
Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and mortality have declined in the United States over the past two decades, yet disparities persist by age, sex, race/ethnicity, and geography. To characterize population-level survival signals, we examined trends in age-adjusted incidence rates (AAIR), mortality rates (AAMR), and the mortality-to-incidence ratio (AAMIR) from 1999 to 2021, stratified by key subgroups. Methods: This retrospective analysis utilized de-identified data from the CDC WONDER United States Cancer Statistics database, encompassing incident CRC cases (SEER codes 21041–21052) and deaths (ICD-10 codes C18–C20) in adults aged 20 years and older. Age-adjusted rates (per 100,000, 2000 U.S. standard population) and AAMIR were calculated using Stata 17.0. Joinpoint regression identified trends (annual or average annual percent change [APC/AAPC], p < 0.05). Results: Among 3,489,881 cases and 1,225,986 deaths, AAIR decreased from 78.24 (1999) to 50.79 (2021; AAPC: −2.20%, 95% CI: −2.52 to −1.89), AAMR decreased from 29.34 to 17.92 (AAPC: −2.33%, −2.46 to −2.20), and AAMIR from 0.375 to 0.353 (AAPC: −0.08%, −0.47 to 0.30; p = 0.669). Women showed a significant AAMIR decline (AAPC: −0.29%), unlike men (AAPC: 0.07%). Young adults (20–39 years) had rising AAIR (AAPC: 2.42%) and AAMR (0.87%) but improving AAMIR (AAPC: −1.71%). Non-Hispanic Black individuals had the highest AAMIR (0.400 in 2021; AAPC: −0.54%). The Northeast had the most favorable AAMIR trend (AAPC: −0.40%), while the Midwest, South, and West were stable. States like New Jersey and Massachusetts achieved low AAMIR (0.292 and 0.304 in 2021), contrasting with Nebraska and Arizona (0.402 in both). Conclusions: Although colorectal cancer incidence and mortality have declined substantially in the United States from 1999 to 2021, the mortality-to-incidence ratio improved only marginally and remained markedly uneven across subgroups. Targeted interventions—enhancing screening and treatment access for men, racial/ethnic minorities, younger adults, and high-burden regions and states—can promote equitable outcomes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diseases: From Molecular to the Clinical Perspectives)
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13 pages, 3681 KB  
Article
T Helper and Cytotoxic T Cells Play an Important Role in Acute Gastric Injury
by Irfan F. Corovic, Jelena M. Pantic, Isidora A. Stanisavljevic, Sladjana M. Pavlovic, Nemanja U. Jovicic, Ivan P. Jovanovic, Gordana D. Radosavljevic and Bojana J. Simovic Markovic
Diseases 2025, 13(11), 374; https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases13110374 - 15 Nov 2025
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Abstract
Background: Inflammation plays a central role in the formation of peptic ulcers, yet the contribution of cellular immunity remains poorly defined. This study aimed to clarify the contribution of cellular immunity to acute gastric mucosal injury. Methods: BALB/c mice received 80% ethanol via [...] Read more.
Background: Inflammation plays a central role in the formation of peptic ulcers, yet the contribution of cellular immunity remains poorly defined. This study aimed to clarify the contribution of cellular immunity to acute gastric mucosal injury. Methods: BALB/c mice received 80% ethanol via oral gavage to induce acute gastric injury. Stomachs were examined macroscopically and histologically, and gastric tissues were analyzed by qPCR, ELISA, and flow cytometry for cytokine expression, immune cell infiltration, and apoptosis. Results: Administration of ethanol exacerbated acute gastric injury in mice, as evidenced by extensive macroscopic lesions and severe disruption of mucosal architecture. This damage was accompanied by marked infiltration of CD11c+ dendritic cells, together with an increased frequency of CD86-expressing and IL-12-producing dendritic cells. In addition, there was greater accumulation of both CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes, including elevated numbers of CD4+ and CD8+ cells producing IFN-γ and IL-17, as well as CD8+CD107a+ cytotoxic cells. Alongside these cellular alterations, ethanol exposure was accompanied by elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-17, and IFN-γ) in gastric tissue. In parallel, ethanol exposure also promoted epithelial cell apoptosis, further contributing to mucosal deterioration. Conclusions: Our findings reveal for the first time that both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells participate in sterile ethanol-induced acute gastric injury, emphasizing cellular immunity as an important yet insufficiently studied contributor to mucosal damage and highlighting the necessity for further mechanistic and translational research. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diseases: From Molecular to the Clinical Perspectives)
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23 pages, 2391 KB  
Systematic Review
Regional Cerebral Oxygen Saturation and Risk of Delirium: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
by Begoña Rochina-Rodríguez, Francisco Miguel Martínez-Arnau and Pilar Pérez-Ros
Diseases 2025, 13(12), 383; https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases13120383 - 25 Nov 2025
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Abstract
Background: Delirium onset is associated with increased comorbidity and mortality. Identifying reliable delirium biomarkers remains challenging. Regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO2) offers an objective, easily obtainable measure suitable for hospital monitoring. Objective: We aimed to analyse the relationship between regional cerebral [...] Read more.
Background: Delirium onset is associated with increased comorbidity and mortality. Identifying reliable delirium biomarkers remains challenging. Regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO2) offers an objective, easily obtainable measure suitable for hospital monitoring. Objective: We aimed to analyse the relationship between regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO2) values obtained by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and the subsequent development of delirium. Methods: Studies eligible for inclusion in our systematic review evaluated rSO2 values obtained by NIRS or a used a similar method to study hospitalised patients aged 18 years or older, some of whom subsequently developed delirium. We searched MEDLINE, Scopus and Web of Science without restrictions to 24 March 2024. Two review authors independently assessed the methodological quality of the included studies using Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal tools. Using a random-effects model in RevMan v 5.4.0 (Cochrane Collaboration, Oxford, UK), we analysed baseline and minimum rSO2 values. Results were presented as means and mean differences (MDs) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We followed PRISMA guidelines and registered our review protocol in PROSPERO (CRD42024523573). Results (or Findings): We included 22 studies (20 in the meta-analysis) published between 2009 and 2024 and involving 5757 participants. The delirium group had a lower mean baseline rSO2 value (62.47%, 95% CI 58.40 to 66.55) compared with the non-delirium group (64.24%, 95% CI 61.33 to 67.15). Meta-analysis of effect estimates confirmed this result (MD −2.92%, 95% CI −4.38 to −1.47). The MD between the delirium and non-delirium group was larger among patients assessed with the INVOS device and patients who underwent cardiac surgery. Studies that analysed baseline values according to sensor location showed a larger MD in rSO2 values obtained via a right-sided sensor. Conclusions: Our results show lower baseline and minimum rSO2 in hospitalised patients who subsequently developed delirium. The difference varies according to the type of surgery and type of NIRS monitor. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diseases: From Molecular to the Clinical Perspectives)
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