Search for Articles:
Title / Keyword
Author / Affiliation / Email
Journal
Article Type
 
 
Advanced Search
 
Section
Special Issue
Volume
Issue
Number
Page
 
6.9
3.8
Journals
Diagnostics
Special Issues
Contemporary Clinical Anatomy in Diagnostic Practice: Imaging, Artificial Intelligence, and...
share announcement

Contemporary Clinical Anatomy in Diagnostic Practice: Imaging, Artificial Intelligence, and Diagnostic Interpretation

A Special Issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418) belonging to the section "Clinical Diagnosis and Prognosis".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 September 2026 | Viewed by 4331

Editor

Dr. Piotr Karauda

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Anatomical Dissection and Donation, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
Interests: anatomy

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Rapid progress in medical imaging, digital tools, and artificial intelligence has significantly reshaped contemporary diagnostic practice. Despite these advances, reliable diagnostic conclusions continue to depend on accurate structural understanding and informed morphological interpretation.

This Special Issue explores the role of clinical anatomy in present-day diagnostic workflows, with particular attention to its integration with imaging modalities, algorithm-supported analysis, and translational clinical applications. Emphasis is placed on anatomy as an interpretative reference that supports clinical reasoning, informs diagnostic judgment, and helps prevent misinterpretation in increasingly complex diagnostic settings.

By linking classical morphological concepts with current diagnostic approaches, the Special Issue aims to highlight the evolving contribution of anatomy to diagnostic medicine. Fully aligned with the aims and scope of Diagnostics, this Special Issue welcomes interdisciplinary original research articles and high-quality reviews that connect anatomical knowledge with diagnostic interpretation and clinical application.

Dr. Piotr Karauda
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-anonymized peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diagnostics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • clinical anatomy
  • diagnostic interpretation
  • medical imaging
  • artificial intelligence
  • diagnostic accuracy
  • anatomical variability
  • translational diagnostics
  • radiological anatomy

Benefits of Publishing in a Special Issue

  • Ease of navigation: Grouping papers by topic helps scholars navigate broad scope journals more efficiently.
  • Greater discoverability: Special Issues support the reach and impact of scientific research. Articles in Special Issues are more discoverable and cited more frequently.
  • Expansion of research network: Special Issues facilitate connections among authors, fostering scientific collaborations.
  • External promotion: Articles in Special Issues are often promoted through the journal's social media, increasing their visibility.
  • Reprint: MDPI Books provides the opportunity to republish successful Special Issues in book format, both online and in print.

Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (3 papers)

Download All Papers
Order results
Result details
Show export options expand_more Show export options expand_less
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:

Research

Jump to: Review

15 pages, 12706 KB  
Article
Sexual Dimorphism and Population Variation in Median Nerve Morphometry: A Multi-Institutional Cadaveric Analysis
by Jessica Nguyen, Alfredo A. Torres-Rodriguez, Mario Loomis, Sofia Jimenez-Dietsch, Norman Ramirez-Lluch, Heather F. Smith and Jailenne I. Quiñones-Rodríguez
Diagnostics 2026, 16(11), 1719; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics16111719 - 3 Jun 2026
Viewed by 455
Abstract
Background/Objectives: The median nerve exhibits clinically relevant anatomical variability, with critical implications for surgical exposure, regional anesthesia, peripheral nerve repair, and diagnostic imaging. Despite extensive descriptive reports, quantitative morphometric analyses incorporating biological sex and donor record population classification remain limited, particularly among Hispanic [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: The median nerve exhibits clinically relevant anatomical variability, with critical implications for surgical exposure, regional anesthesia, peripheral nerve repair, and diagnostic imaging. Despite extensive descriptive reports, quantitative morphometric analyses incorporating biological sex and donor record population classification remain limited, particularly among Hispanic cadaveric cohorts. Methods: This multi-institutional cadaveric study evaluated median nerve formation and segmental morphometry in 82 anatomical donors, each contributing paired bilateral upper limbs (164 upper limbs total), classified in institutional records as Puerto Rican, Caucasian, or African American. Standardized dissections were performed from the brachial plexus to the distal forearm, and linear measurements were obtained between predefined anatomical landmarks using digital calipers. Results: Mixed-effects modeling was used to evaluate morphometric differences associated with biological sex, donor record population classification, and anatomical location. Male specimens demonstrated localized differences in proximal median nerve formation, including a longer medial cord contribution on the left side. Population group comparisons identified greater measured morphometric distances in the Puerto Rican cohort compared with Caucasian and African American cohorts. Normalized LEH/MEH ratios did not differ between sexes, suggesting that some absolute differences may reflect limb-size scaling rather than proportional shifts in nerve position. Conclusions: These findings provide standardized landmark-based morphometric data and support the value of population-sensitive anatomical reference data for surgical planning and imaging-based interpretations of median nerve morphology. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Contemporary Clinical Anatomy in Diagnostic Practice: Imaging, Artificial Intelligence, and Diagnostic Interpretation)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

17 pages, 2851 KB  
Article
Artificial Intelligence-Based Approach for Automated Gonad Volume Quantification Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Healthy Adolescents Across Puberty
by Fahmida Haque, Stephanie A. Harmon, Allison Kumnick, Mary Soliman, Karen F. Berman, Jack A. Yanovski, Evrim B. Turkbey, Lynnette K. Nieman, Veronica Gomez-Lobo, Shau-Ming Wei, Peter J. Schmidt and Baris Turkbey
Diagnostics 2026, 16(9), 1357; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics16091357 - 30 Apr 2026
Viewed by 625
Abstract
Background/Objectives: MRI is a non-invasive tool which can be used to assess baseline gonadal anatomy, including changes during puberty. Volumetric characterization offers valuable insights about the reproductive system and gonads, but annotation is cumbersome, and no AI tool is currently available. This study [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: MRI is a non-invasive tool which can be used to assess baseline gonadal anatomy, including changes during puberty. Volumetric characterization offers valuable insights about the reproductive system and gonads, but annotation is cumbersome, and no AI tool is currently available. This study aimed to develop two open-source AI models to segment bilateral gonads at MRI scans in healthy subjects. Materials and Methods: This study uses a longitudinal dataset consisting of 182 MRIs from 22 healthy girls (median age 13) and 266 MRIs from 44 healthy boys (median age 13) from a single institute. MRI acquisition included T2-weighted (T2W) sequence, along with fat-saturated (FS) T2W when indicated. An expert radiologist segmented gonadal anatomy, including ovarian cysts (>3 cm). Three-dimensional nnUnet models were trained for ovary, cyst, and testicle segmentation, respectively. The ovary–cyst segmentation model was applied to an external dataset with 30 adult subjects. Model performance was evaluated on the test set using the Dice similarity coefficient for ovary (DSCOV), cyst (DSCCY), and testicles (DSCTS). Subject-level total volumes for ovaries (TOV), cysts (TCV), and testicles (TTV) were computed. Results: Ovary, cyst, and testicle segmentation models achieved DSCOV of 0.86, DSCCY of 0.69, and DSCTS of 0.90 in the in-house test set, respectively. Average mean difference with 95% confidence intervals for TOV, TCV, and TTV were 0.87 (−5.78, 7.5), −0.41 (−3.3, 2.5), and 0.19 (−1.5, 1.9) cm3, respectively. Conclusions: The developed models show promising and reliable performance in volumetric and morphologic evaluation of gonads during puberty. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Contemporary Clinical Anatomy in Diagnostic Practice: Imaging, Artificial Intelligence, and Diagnostic Interpretation)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

Review

Jump to: Research

22 pages, 376 KB  
Review
Laryngeal Anatomy and Morphometry: Foundations for Interdisciplinary Collaboration and Personalized Management of Laryngeal Pathology
by Anca Simioniuc-Petrescu, Mihai Dumitru, Adrian Costache, Daniela Vrinceanu, Andreea Marinescu, Nicoleta Sanda, Alina Lavinia Antoaneta Oancea, Adina Zamfir Chiru Anton and Romica Cergan
Diagnostics 2026, 16(17), 2739; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics16172739 - 26 Aug 2026
Viewed by 89
Abstract
Laryngeal pathology requires individualized management because the larynx integrates airway protection, phonation, swallowing, and respiratory function within a compact and highly variable anatomical framework. This narrative review examines how laryngeal anatomy and morphometry support interdisciplinary collaboration and personalized care in oncologic, stenotic, functional, [...] Read more.
Laryngeal pathology requires individualized management because the larynx integrates airway protection, phonation, swallowing, and respiratory function within a compact and highly variable anatomical framework. This narrative review examines how laryngeal anatomy and morphometry support interdisciplinary collaboration and personalized care in oncologic, stenotic, functional, and reconstructive laryngeal disease. Evidence from morphometric studies, CT, MRI, endoscopy, ultrasonography, three-dimensional reconstruction, artificial intelligence, and multidisciplinary clinical workflows was synthesized qualitatively. Key parameters—including vocal fold length, glottic width, thyroid cartilage angle, cricoid diameter, subglottic diameter, anterior commissure thickness, and the status of paraglottic and pre-epiglottic spaces—provide actionable information for diagnosis, T-staging, airway assessment, surgical planning, reconstruction, and functional rehabilitation. Morphometry concretely informs clinical decisions: thyroid cartilage angle guides thyroplasty and phonosurgical planning; subglottic diameter supports stenosis surgery and airway instrumentation; and anterior commissure, conus elasticus, cartilage, and deep-space measurements refine oncologic staging and margin strategy. Technological accelerators, including AI segmentation, radiomics, 3D printing, photogrammetry, and ultrasonography, extend morphometry from static measurement toward predictive modeling and patient-specific simulation. However, implementation remains limited by heterogeneous CT protocols, inconsistent measurement planes, uneven access to advanced technologies, lack of global normative databases, and unresolved ethical issues surrounding AI validation and data governance. This review supports standardizing CT morphometry using parallel vocal fold planes, routinely measuring anterior commissure thickness in T1 glottic cancer, incorporating ultrasonography as a first-line morphometric tool in voice clinics, and validating AI segmentation against population-specific morphometric norms. Laryngeal morphometry should therefore become a routine decision-making framework for precision laryngology. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Contemporary Clinical Anatomy in Diagnostic Practice: Imaging, Artificial Intelligence, and Diagnostic Interpretation)
Show export options expand_more Show export options expand_less
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:
 
Displaying articles 1-3
Back to TopTop