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Diagnostics
Special Issues
Urinary Tract Infections: Advances in Diagnosis and Management
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Urinary Tract Infections: Advances in Diagnosis and Management

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 January 2026 | Viewed by 550

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Paul Froom

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Public Health, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
Interests: clinical utility; urinary tract infections; elderly; internal medicine; laboratory testing
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The purpose of this Special Issue is threefold. First, we will review various methods for urinalysis, including the more recently introduced automated technology. Second, we will discuss the clinical utility and disutility of various findings. Finally, we will discuss indications for testing. Original research articles, reviews, short communications, and interesting images are welcome, as well as either clinical or basic research.

Prof. Dr. Paul Froom
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diagnostics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • urinary tract infections
  • diagnosis
  • management
  • antimicrobial therapy
  • urinalysis
  • urine culture
  • recurrent UTI
  • asymptomatic bacteriuria

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

12 pages, 639 KiB  
Article
Clinical Relevance of PCR Versus Culture in Urinary Tract Infections Diagnosis: Quantification Cycle as a Predictor of Bacterial Load
by Pallavi Upadhyay, Arjuna Vallabhaneni, Edward Ager, Barbara Alexander, Adriana Rosato and Vijay Singh
Diagnostics 2025, 15(15), 1939; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15151939 - 1 Aug 2025
Viewed by 447
Abstract
Background: Unambiguous clinical interpretation of PCR results for urinary tract infections (UTIs) remains a challenge. Here we compare and correlate multiplex qPCR results (quantification cycle values) with traditional microbial culture results (colony forming units) for clinical samples. Methods: Serial dilutions [10 [...] Read more.
Background: Unambiguous clinical interpretation of PCR results for urinary tract infections (UTIs) remains a challenge. Here we compare and correlate multiplex qPCR results (quantification cycle values) with traditional microbial culture results (colony forming units) for clinical samples. Methods: Serial dilutions [108 to 100 colony forming units (CFU)/mL] were performed on five Gram-negative and two Gram-positive UTI-causing bacterial pathogens. For each dilution, quantitative cultures on solid media to confirm CFU/mL values and a real-time PCR UTI panel employing a nanofluidic Open ArrayTM platform producing quantification cycle (Cq) values were performed. Cq values were correlated with CFU/mL values, generating a semi-quantitative interpretive scale for clinical samples. The clinical utility of the scale was then assessed using PCR and culture data from 168 clinical urine samples. Results: For Gram-negative bacteria, Cq values of <23, 23 to 28, and >28 corresponded with ≥105 CFU/mL, <105 CFU/mL and negative cultures, respectively. For Gram-positive bacteria, Cq values of <26, 26 to 30, and >30 corresponded with ≥105 CFU/mL, <105 CFU/mL and negative cultures, respectively. Among 168 urine specimens (including 138 Gram-negative and 30 Gram-positive bacteria), there was 83.3% agreement (n = 140/168) and 16.6% non-agreement (n = 28/168) between culture CFU/mL and qPCR Cq. Gram-negative bacteria had higher agreement (87.6%, 121/138) than Gram-positive bacteria (63.3%, 19/30). Conclusions: This study demonstrates that qPCR Cq results can be directly correlated with traditional urine quantitative culture results and reliably identify the clinically relevant cutoff of 105 CFU/mL for detected uropathogens. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urinary Tract Infections: Advances in Diagnosis and Management)
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