Deep Learning Applications in Medical Image Analysis and Diagnosis

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence in Diagnostics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 September 2026 | Viewed by 1122

Editor


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Guest Editor
1. Research Support Service, Central Clinical Trials Unit, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
2. Medical School, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
3. Institute of Data Science and Artificial Intelligence, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
Interests: evidence review and efficacy evaluation of clinical decision support systems; machine learning and artificial intelligence applications in diagnostics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The promising impact of deep learning applications in medical image analysis and diagnosis could be jeopardized by a lack of proper clinical validation. The rising development of deep learning-based applications in this field contributes to the advances in artificial intelligence that have been claimed to be revolutionizing healthcare. However, these tools need to be clinically validated to be scientifically acceptable and gain the trust of patients and healthcare providers for routine clinical use. It is necessary to reinforce the scientific evidence on deep learning applications in medical image analysis and diagnosis. This Special Issue focuses on clinical validation methods for such applications. Researchers are encouraged to submit original clinical validation studies, thorough narrative or systematic reviews, and practical or instructional guidelines addressing clinical validation methods for deep learning applications in medical image analysis and diagnosis. This Special Issue covers all healthcare fields, including all medical specialties, quality and safety issues, and epidemiological and public health areas.

Dr. Jorge M. Núñez-Córdoba
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • deep learning
  • machine learning
  • artificial intelligence
  • medical imaging
  • diagnostic imaging
  • clinical validation
  • accuracy

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

16 pages, 2521 KB  
Article
HER2 Score-Aware Virtual Immunohistochemistry via Non-Contrastive Multi-Task Translation
by Hyunsu Jeong, Chiho Yoon, Jaewoo Kim, Eunwoo Park, Hyunhee Kim, Somang Park, Hyeon Gyu Kim and Chan Kwon Jung
Diagnostics 2026, 16(9), 1319; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics16091319 - 28 Apr 2026
Viewed by 590
Abstract
Background/Objectives: While human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) immunohistochemistry (IHC) is pivotal for breast cancer management, its reliance on additional tissue processing beyond routine H&E staining remains a clinical burden. Although virtual staining offers a potential solution, current methods often fail to [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: While human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) immunohistochemistry (IHC) is pivotal for breast cancer management, its reliance on additional tissue processing beyond routine H&E staining remains a clinical burden. Although virtual staining offers a potential solution, current methods often fail to explicitly account for HER2 score-specific expression patterns. To address this gap, we developed a score-aware framework designed for the precise generation of virtual HER2 IHC images. Methods: We introduce the non-contrastive multi-task (NCMT) framework, which integrates negative-free patch alignment, style–content constraints, and auxiliary HER2 score supervision for high-fidelity H&E-to-IHC translation. For rigorous evaluation, the model was validated on the BCI dataset, utilizing an official split of 3896 training and 977 independent test images derived from 51 whole-slide images. Results: NCMT demonstrated superior virtual staining performance, achieving a Fréchet Inception Distance (FID) of 38.8, a Kernel Inception Distance (KID) of 5.6, and an average Perceptual Hash Value (PHV) of 0.439. In downstream HER2 scoring tasks, while virtual IHC images alone yielded an accuracy of 83.01%, the fusion of H&E and virtual IHC further elevated performance to 97.85% accuracy and a 98.23% F1 score. These findings suggest that our framework effectively preserves diagnostic features while providing complementary information to H&E-based morphological analysis. Conclusions: NCMT enables HER2 score-aware virtual IHC generation from H&E and can serve as a complementary tool for HER2 assessment in digital pathology. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Deep Learning Applications in Medical Image Analysis and Diagnosis)
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