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Diagnostics
Special Issues
The Clinical Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Management of Gastrointestinal Disease
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The Clinical Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Management of Gastrointestinal Disease

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Clinical Diagnosis and Prognosis".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2025) | Viewed by 6218

Editors

Prof. Dr. Adrian Saftoiu

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Guest Editor
1. Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
2. Department of Gastroenterology, Elias Emergency University Hospital, 011461 Bucharest, Romania
Interests: pancreatic disorder; pancreatitis; pancreatic cancer; translational research; diagnosis; treatment
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Bogdan Silviu Ungureanu

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Guest Editor
Center for Research in Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Universitatea de Medicina si Farmacie Craiova, Craova, Romania
Interests: endoscopy; gastrointestinal diseases; endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; hepatocellular carcinoma; liver diseases and immunology; EUS; pancreas; biliary tract diseases; pancreatic cancer; surgery
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Irina M. Cazacu

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Guest Editor
1. Department of Oncology, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
2. Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
Interests: digestive oncology; cancer biomarkers; cancer screening; pancreatic cancer; clonal hematopoiesis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Gastrointestinal diseases are common clinical diseases, but different types of gastrointestinal diseases have different prognoses and treatment plans, especially tumors, so correct diagnosis is a prerequisite and is very critical.

Novel imaging techniques have prompted a sweeping transition from a clinical setting to a more complex management of gastrointestinal diseases. From ultrasonography (US) to computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), as well as endoscopy, and more complex procedures such as endoscopic ultrasound or ERCP, the diagnosis of and therapy for gastrointestinal diseases have evolved considerably, improving quality of life and disease prognosis.

In addition to the aforementioned themes, this Special Issue will also address prognostic assessments and the identification of biomarkers associated with disease progression and treatment response. By synthesizing the latest research findings and clinical insights across these diverse diagnostic modalities, this edition of Diagnostics will serve as a valuable resource for clinicians, researchers and healthcare professionals involved in the diagnosis and management of gastrointestinal diseases. Ultimately, these advancements will contribute to improved patient care, treatment outcomes and quality of life.

Prof. Dr. Adrian Saftoiu
Dr. Bogdan Silviu Ungureanu
Dr. Irina M. Cazacu
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-anonymized peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diagnostics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • gastrointestinal diseases
  • colon cancer
  • appendicitis
  • clinical outcomes
  • prognosis

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

10 pages, 564 KB  
Article
Exploring Tissue Transglutaminase Antibodies as a Confirmatory Tool for Diagnosing Coeliac Disease in Children
by Petra Riznik, Patricija Levstik, Mojca Kukovic and Jernej Dolinsek
Diagnostics 2026, 16(8), 1216; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics16081216 - 19 Apr 2026
Viewed by 512
Abstract
Background/Objectives: The prerequisite for diagnosing celiac disease (CD) in children without duodenal biopsy is a tissue transglutaminase antibody (TGA) level exceeding 10 times the upper limit of normal levels, along with a positive confirmatory anti-endomysial antibody (EMA) test in a secondary blood sample. [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: The prerequisite for diagnosing celiac disease (CD) in children without duodenal biopsy is a tissue transglutaminase antibody (TGA) level exceeding 10 times the upper limit of normal levels, along with a positive confirmatory anti-endomysial antibody (EMA) test in a secondary blood sample. The aim of our study was to determine whether determination of TGA in a second blood sample could be as reliable as determination of EMA as the confirmatory test in children eligible for the no-biopsy approach. Methods: A retrospective analysis of medical data was conducted, including children under 19 years old who were diagnosed with coeliac disease at our department from January 2013 to June 2025. We examined the diagnostic process, focusing on TGA levels at the time of diagnosis. Results: Data from 185 CD patients (59.5% female, median age 8 years) were available for the analysis. 49 (26.5%) patients were diagnosed using no-biopsy approach and 46 (93.9%) of those had TGA > 10 × ULN in second blood sample as well. In the group of children diagnosed using duodenal biopsy (N = 136; 96.3% 3 Marsh), 78 (57.4%) children had initial TGA > 10 × ULN. In 34 (43.6%) of those children, secondary serology performed before introducing a diet showed that 30 (88.2%) of them had TGA > 10 × ULN. Conclusions: Our study suggests that TGA levels > 10 × ULN could serve as a reliable test for confirming the diagnosis of CD in children, eligible for the no-biopsy approach, thus making the diagnostic process more cost-effective and efficient, while maintaining accuracy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Clinical Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Management of Gastrointestinal Disease)
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14 pages, 387 KB  
Article
Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of AISI, SII, and SIRI in Predicting Gangrenous Evolution of Acute Lithiasic Cholecystitis
by Catalin Vladut Ionut Feier, Melania Veronica Ardelean, Vasile Gaborean, Calin Muntean, Alaviana Monique Faur, Vladut Iosif Rus, Beniamin Sorin Dragan and Marius Sorin Murariu
Diagnostics 2026, 16(3), 441; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics16030441 - 1 Feb 2026
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Abstract
Background/Objectives: Acute calculous cholecystitis remains one of the most frequent surgical emergencies, ranging from mild inflammation to gangrenous forms associated with necrosis and sepsis. Early differentiation between these stages is essential for timely surgical management. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic and [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Acute calculous cholecystitis remains one of the most frequent surgical emergencies, ranging from mild inflammation to gangrenous forms associated with necrosis and sepsis. Early differentiation between these stages is essential for timely surgical management. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic value of hematological inflammatory indices—the Aggregate Index of Systemic Inflammation (AISI), the Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII), and the Systemic Inflammation Response Index (SIRI)—in predicting the gangrenous evolution of acute calculous cholecystitis. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 435 patients who underwent cholecystectomy between 2016 and 2024 at a tertiary care center. Patients were divided into gangrenous (n = 145) and chronic (n = 290) cholecystitis groups. Preoperative hematological parameters were used to calculate AISI, SII, and SIRI. After histopathological confirmation, patients with GC (gangrenous calculous cholecystitis) were identified, and for each case, two age- and sex-matched controls with chronic CC (calculous cholecystitis) were selected, maintaining a GC:CC ratio of 1:2. Preoperative hematological parameters were used to calculate AISI, SII, and SIRI. Results: All three indices were significantly higher in the gangrenous group (p < 0.001). Logistic regression identified SIRI as the strongest independent predictor of gangrenous cholecystitis (OR = 1.976, p < 0.001). ROC analysis demonstrated excellent discriminative capacity for all markers (AUC > 0.8), with SII achieving the highest diagnostic accuracy (AUC = 0.889, sensitivity 79.5%, specificity 86.3%). Conclusions: AISI, SII, and SIRI represent reliable, easily obtainable, and noninvasive biomarkers for assessing inflammatory severity and predicting gangrenous transformation in acute calculous cholecystitis. Their integration into preoperative evaluation could improve early risk stratification, surgical planning, and patient outcomes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Clinical Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Management of Gastrointestinal Disease)
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11 pages, 1823 KB  
Article
Characteristics and Neoplastic Progression in Barrett’s Esophagus: A Large Population-Based Study from Iceland
by Ken Namikawa, Melkorka Sverrisdottir, Hilmar Freyr Fridgeirsson, Hjalti Dagur Hjaltason, Helgi Kristinn Sigmundsson, Jon Gunnlaugur Jonasson, Einar Stefan Bjornsson and Magnus Konradsson
Diagnostics 2025, 15(6), 684; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15060684 - 11 Mar 2025
Viewed by 4199
Abstract
Background: Barrett’s esophagus (BE) is a known precursor to esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). However, reports on incidence and progression-to-neoplasm rates have been very variable and conflicting. The aims of the study were to evaluate the characteristics of BE and its progression to neoplasm in [...] Read more.
Background: Barrett’s esophagus (BE) is a known precursor to esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). However, reports on incidence and progression-to-neoplasm rates have been very variable and conflicting. The aims of the study were to evaluate the characteristics of BE and its progression to neoplasm in a large homogeneous population. Methods: This was a retrospective population-based study with patients identified from 11 institutions through the databases in two centralized pathology laboratories. Demographics and relevant clinicopathological features were obtained from medical records among patients with a pathologically confirmed BE by the presence of intestinal metaplasia between 2003 and 2022. Results: A total of 1388 patients were identified with BE: 948 were men (69%); the median age at diagnosis was 62 years (IQR, 53–72). The ratio of long-segment BE to short-segment BE was significantly higher in patients ≥ 60 years (1.15, 284/248) than those ≤ 60 years (0.77, 205/265) (p = 0.0025). At BE diagnosis, 9.4% had neoplasms: LGD (n = 65), HGD (n = 16), and EAC (n = 49). Among 1258 non-dysplastic BE (NDBE) patients, 4.6% developed a neoplasm—LGD (n = 35), HGD (n = 8), and EAC (n = 15)—with a median observation-period of 5 years (IQR, 3–7). Overall, 160 cases with neoplasms were diagnosed in this BE cohort; 130 (74%) were present at initial BE diagnosis, and 58 (26%) progressed to neoplasms from NDBE. Conclusions: The ratio of long-segment BE was found to be significantly higher in patients ≥ 60 years. Around 9% of the patients were diagnosed as harboring a neoplasm concomitantly with BE, accounting for approximately 74% of all neoplasms. After a median follow-up of 5 years, about 5% of BE showed dysplastic or malignant progression. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Clinical Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Management of Gastrointestinal Disease)
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