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The State of the Art in Elastography for Gastroenterology and...
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The State of the Art in Elastography for Gastroenterology and Hepatology

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Medical Imaging and Theranostics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2023) | Viewed by 14535

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Takuya Ishikawa

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
Interests: elastography; transabdominal ultrasound; endoscopic ultrasound; chronic hepatitis; cirrhosis; chronic pancreatitis; inflammatory bowel diseases; neoplastic lesions

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues, 

Elastography is a novel technique that uses magnetic resonance imaging or ultrasound to noninvasively measure and visualize the degree of tissue stiffness and fibrosis, which were previously known only from histopathology. Recently, it has also become possible to measure viscosity, which may predict the degree of inflammation as well as fibrosis. Elastography for intra-abdominal organs has been reported on the liver, pancreas, and gastrointestinal tract and is expected to be applied not only for the evaluation of tissue elasticity, but also to explore the etiological concept of each disease, including chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, chronic pancreatitis, and inflammatory bowel diseases. Ultrasound elastography can be used for both transabdominal ultrasound and endoscopic ultrasound, and the usefulness of elastography in neoplastic lesions is also being explored. In this Special Issue, we invite papers from various fields on the latest efforts using elastography in the hepatobiliary, pancreatic, and gastrointestinal regions.

Dr. Takuya Ishikawa
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diagnostics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • elastography
  • transabdominal ultrasound
  • endoscopic ultrasound
  • chronic hepatitis
  • cirrhosis
  • chronic pancreatitis
  • inflammatory bowel diseases
  • neoplastic lesions

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 1771 KiB  
Article
The Non-Invasive Ultrasound-Based Assessment of Liver Viscosity in a Healthy Cohort
by Alexandru Popa, Ioan Sporea, Felix Bende, Alina Popescu, Renata Fofiu, Andreea Borlea, Victor Bâldea, Ariana Pascu, Camelia Gianina Foncea, Radu Cotrău and Roxana Șirli
Diagnostics 2022, 12(6), 1451; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12061451 - 13 Jun 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2228
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is the most significant prognostic factor in chronic liver disease (CLD). Clinical practice guidelines recommend the use of non-invasive techniques, such as two-dimensional shear-wave elastography (2D-SWE), to assess liver stiffness as a marker of fibrosis. Several other factors influence liver stiffness [...] Read more.
Liver fibrosis is the most significant prognostic factor in chronic liver disease (CLD). Clinical practice guidelines recommend the use of non-invasive techniques, such as two-dimensional shear-wave elastography (2D-SWE), to assess liver stiffness as a marker of fibrosis. Several other factors influence liver stiffness in addition to liver fibrosis. It is presumed that changes due to necro-inflammation modify the propagation of shear waves (dispersion). Therefore, new imaging techniques that investigate the dispersion properties of shear waves have been developed, which can serve as an indirect method of measuring liver viscosity (Vi PLUS). Defining the reference values in healthy subjects among different age groups and genders and analyzing the factors that influence these values is essential. However, published data on liver viscosity are still limited. This is the first study that aimed to assess the normal range of liver viscosity values in subjects with healthy livers and analyze the factors that influence them. One hundred and thirty-one consecutive subjects with healthy livers were enrolled in this prospective study. The results showed that Vi PLUS is a highly feasible method. Liver stiffness, age and BMI influenced the liver viscosity values. The mean liver viscosity by Vi PLUS in subjects with healthy livers was 1.59 Pa·s. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The State of the Art in Elastography for Gastroenterology and Hepatology)
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Review

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20 pages, 1260 KiB  
Review
The Role of Transabdominal Ultrasound Elastography in Gastrointestinal Non-Liver Diseases: Current Application and Future Prospectives
by Mattia Paratore, Matteo Garcovich, Maria Elena Ainora, Livio Enrico Del Vecchio, Giuseppe Cuccia, Laura Riccardi, Maurizio Pompili, Antonio Gasbarrini and Maria Assunta Zocco
Diagnostics 2023, 13(13), 2266; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13132266 - 04 Jul 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1353
Abstract
Ultrasound imaging is the first-line investigation for patients with abdominal symptoms, as it effectively depicts the gastrointestinal tract and enables the diagnosis of multiple pathological conditions. Among different recent ultrasound technological advancements, elastography enables the evaluation of various tissue characteristics, such as neoplastic [...] Read more.
Ultrasound imaging is the first-line investigation for patients with abdominal symptoms, as it effectively depicts the gastrointestinal tract and enables the diagnosis of multiple pathological conditions. Among different recent ultrasound technological advancements, elastography enables the evaluation of various tissue characteristics, such as neoplastic transformation or fibroinflammatory status. In recent years, ultrasound elastography has been utilized extensively for the study of liver diseases and in numerous other clinical settings, including gastrointestinal diseases. Current guidelines suggest the use of transabdominal ultrasound elastography to characterize bowel wall lesions, to assess gastrointestinal contractility, to diagnose and grade chronic pancreatitis; however, no specific indications are provided. In the present paper, we summarize the evidence concerning the application of different ultrasound elastography modalities in gastrointestinal non-liver diseases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The State of the Art in Elastography for Gastroenterology and Hepatology)
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18 pages, 1385 KiB  
Review
Liver Ultrasound Elastography in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A State-of-the-Art Summary
by Rosanna Villani, Pierluigi Lupo, Moris Sangineto, Antonino Davide Romano and Gaetano Serviddio
Diagnostics 2023, 13(7), 1236; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13071236 - 24 Mar 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 5113
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic disease which is currently the most common hepatic disorder affecting up to 38% of the general population with differences according to age, country, ethnicity and sex. Both genetic and acquired risk factors such as a [...] Read more.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic disease which is currently the most common hepatic disorder affecting up to 38% of the general population with differences according to age, country, ethnicity and sex. Both genetic and acquired risk factors such as a high-calorie diet or high intake of saturated fats have been associated with obesity, diabetes and, finally, NAFLD. A liver biopsy has always been considered essential for the diagnosis of NAFLD; however, due to several limitations such as the potential occurrence of major complications, sampling variability and the poor repeatability in clinical practice, it is considered an imperfect option for the evaluation of liver fibrosis over time. For these reasons, a non-invasive assessment by serum biomarkers and the quantification of liver stiffness is becoming the new frontier in the management of patients with NAFLD and liver fibrosis. We present a state-of-the-art summary addressing the methods for the non-invasive evaluation of liver fibrosis in NAFLD patients, particularly the ultrasound-based techniques (transient elastography, ARFI techniques and strain elastography) and their optimal cut-off values for the staging of liver fibrosis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The State of the Art in Elastography for Gastroenterology and Hepatology)
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24 pages, 2956 KiB  
Review
How to Identify Advanced Fibrosis in Adult Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) and Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) Using Ultrasound Elastography—A Review of the Literature and Proposed Multistep Approach
by Madalina-Gabriela Taru, Lidia Neamti, Vlad Taru, Lucia Maria Procopciuc, Bogdan Procopet and Monica Lupsor-Platon
Diagnostics 2023, 13(4), 788; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13040788 - 19 Feb 2023
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3441
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and its progressive form, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), represent, nowadays, real challenges for the healthcare system. Liver fibrosis is the most important prognostic factor for NAFLD, and advanced fibrosis is associated with higher liver-related mortality rates. Therefore, the key [...] Read more.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and its progressive form, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), represent, nowadays, real challenges for the healthcare system. Liver fibrosis is the most important prognostic factor for NAFLD, and advanced fibrosis is associated with higher liver-related mortality rates. Therefore, the key issues in NAFLD are the differentiation of NASH from simple steatosis and identification of advanced hepatic fibrosis. We critically reviewed the ultrasound (US) elastography techniques for the quantitative characterization of fibrosis, steatosis, and inflammation in NAFLD and NASH, with a specific focus on how to differentiate advanced fibrosis in adult patients. Vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE) is still the most utilized and validated elastography method for liver fibrosis assessment. The recently developed point shear wave elastography (pSWE) and two-dimensional shear wave elastography (2D-SWE) techniques that use multiparametric approaches could bring essential improvements to diagnosis and risk stratification. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The State of the Art in Elastography for Gastroenterology and Hepatology)
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12 pages, 725 KiB  
Review
Intestinal Elastography in the Diagnostics of Ulcerative Colitis: A Narrative Review
by Maciej Cebula, Jakub Kufel, Anna Grażyńska, Justyna Habas and Katarzyna Gruszczyńska
Diagnostics 2022, 12(9), 2070; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12092070 - 26 Aug 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1602
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that mainly affects developed countries, but the number of cases in developing countries is increasing. We conducted a narrative review on the potential application of ultrasound elastography in the diagnosis and monitoring of UC, [...] Read more.
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that mainly affects developed countries, but the number of cases in developing countries is increasing. We conducted a narrative review on the potential application of ultrasound elastography in the diagnosis and monitoring of UC, as this newly emerging method has promising results in other gut diseases. This review fulfilled the PRISMA Statement criteria with a time cut-off of June 2022. At the end of the review, of the 1334 identified studies, only five fulfilled all the inclusion criteria. Due to the small number of studies in this field, a reliable assessment of the usefulness of ultrasound elastography is difficult. We can only conclude that the transabdominal elastography examination did not significantly differ from the standard gastrointestinal ultrasonography examination and that measurements of the frontal intestinal wall should be made in the longitudinal section. The reports suggest that it is impossible to estimate the clinical scales used in disease assessment solely on the basis of elastographic measurements. Due to the different inclusion criteria, measurement methodologies, and elastographic techniques used in the analysed studies, a reliable comparative evaluation was impossible. Further work is required to assess the validity of expanding gastrointestinal ultrasonography with elastography in the diagnosis and monitoring of UC. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The State of the Art in Elastography for Gastroenterology and Hepatology)
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