Gastrointestinal Surgery: Diagnosis and Management in 2025

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 January 2026 | Viewed by 609

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Unit of General Surgery, Ospedale Floraspe Renzetti, 66034 Lanciano, CH, Italy
Interests: general surgery; emergency surgery; translational research; surgical education
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Gastrointestinal surgery is an evolving field of interest for clinicians and researchers, especially in emergency and oncology settings. In emergency gastrointestinal surgery, the importance of correct and rapid diagnosis is highly dependent on clinical experience and the volume of cases treated. Improved treatment protocols for patients with locally advanced or metastatic cancer are currently the subject of multidisciplinary research. The predictive approach aimed at identifying the precise tumor staging and indication for personalized therapy is a constantly evolving field of interest. The selection of the most appropriate diagnostic program and treatment regimen must be carefully established based on multidisciplinary expertise that takes into account the patient's specific risk, length of stay, and functional recovery. For many gastrointestinal diseases, new digital technologies can be applied for both diagnostic and therapeutic-surgical purposes. For this Special Issue, we invite clinical and experimental research focused on diagnosis and treatment adjuvant to gastrointestinal surgery. Studies that can help to clarify the following topics are welcome: diagnosis of abdominal trauma, diagnosis of oligometastatic disease, diagnosis of mesorectal metastases, and diagnosis of lymph node metastases in upper gastrointestinal cancer. In addition, studies on minimally invasive surgical procedures for the treatment of metastatic gastrointestinal diseases are strongly encouraged.

Dr. Federico Selvaggi
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • gastrointestinal trauma
  • oligometastatic disease
  • mesorectal metastasis
  • lymphnode metastasis
  • minimally invasive surgical therapy
  • endoscopic diagnosis

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

13 pages, 1015 KiB  
Article
The Role of Hyponatremia in Identifying Complicated Cases of Acute Appendicitis in the Pediatric Population
by George Kottakis, Konstantina Bekiaridou, Stylianos Roupakias, Orestis Pavlides, Ioannis Gogoulis, Spyridon Kosteletos, Theodoros Nektarios Dionysis, Aggelos Marantos and Katerina Kambouri
Diagnostics 2025, 15(11), 1384; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15111384 - 30 May 2025
Viewed by 280
Abstract
Background: Hyponatremia has been identified as a marker of disease severity in various inflammatory conditions. However, its role in predicting acute complicated appendicitis (ACA) in children remains under investigation. This study evaluated the association between preoperative hyponatremia and ACA in a pediatric [...] Read more.
Background: Hyponatremia has been identified as a marker of disease severity in various inflammatory conditions. However, its role in predicting acute complicated appendicitis (ACA) in children remains under investigation. This study evaluated the association between preoperative hyponatremia and ACA in a pediatric population. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on pediatric patients treated for acute appendicitis in two major pediatric centers in Greece. Patients were categorized into groups based on the presence of acute uncomplicated appendicitis (AUA) and acute complicated appendicitis (ACA). Preoperative laboratory parameters were analyzed to identify potential predictors of ACA. Results: This study included 491 pediatric patients, with a mean age of 10 years. ACA patients exhibited significantly lower Na levels compared to those with AUA (136 vs. 138 mmol/L, p < 0.001). Hyponatremia (<135 mmol/L) was present in 38.4% of ACA cases compared to 2.2% of AUA cases (p < 0.001), and was associated with a significantly increased risk of ACA (OR = 18.30, p < 0.001). A sodium threshold of 135 mmol/L also demonstrated a sensitivity of 48% and a specificity of 92.1% Conclusions: Hyponatremia is a strong and specific predictor of ACA in children. When combined with other inflammatory markers, it may enhance early risk stratification, aiding in timely surgical decision making. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gastrointestinal Surgery: Diagnosis and Management in 2025)
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