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Diagnostics
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Diagnosis and Management of Dementia
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Diagnosis and Management of Dementia

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2023) | Viewed by 5997

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Agnieszka Kulczyńska-Przybik

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Białystok, Waszyngtona 15 A St., 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
Interests: gastric cancer; diagnostics; inflammatory biomarkers; clinical outcomes
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues, 

Dementia is an increasingly common cause of morbidity and mortality among older people worldwide, ranking second as a leading cause of death in high-income countries and responsible for 814,000 deaths in 2019. Between 2000 and 2019, deaths due to dementias increased more than 145%. Additionally, it seems to be a potential risk factor for SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 mortality. Dementia is still incurable, difficult to detect at earlier stages due to the long asymptomatic incubation period, and hard to differentiate at later stages. Dementia is a heterogeneous disease, and it seems that a combination of different biomarkers, such as molecular, genetics, biochemical, and imaging may improve diagnosis. Moreover, screening using artificial intelligence techniques may provide a significant opportunity to speed up the diagnosis process and establish a prognosis.

Early detection is pivotal to the successful management of dementia. However, the efficacy of available therapeutic strategies is limited. Therefore, tremendous research efforts are undertaken to deepen our knowledge of the biology of this complex disease, find biomarkers reflecting the preclinical or prodromal stages of the disease, and novel, promising therapeutic targets for treatments of dementia. This Special Issue will provide the latest dementia screening, diagnosis, and treatment findings. We welcome your contribution.

Dr. Agnieszka Kulczyńska-Przybik
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diagnostics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • dementia
  • diagnosis
  • treatment
  • mild cognitive impairment (MCI)
  • Alzheimer’s disease (AD)
  • CSF markers
  • blood markers
  • imaging indicators
  • artificial intelligence techniques

Published Papers (3 papers)

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15 pages, 4166 KiB  
Article
Development and Implementation of an Internal Quality Control Sample to Standardize Oligomer-Based Diagnostics of Alzheimer’s Disease
by Marlene Pils, Alexandra Dybala, Fabian Rehn, Lara Blömeke, Tuyen Bujnicki, Victoria Kraemer-Schulien, Wolfgang Hoyer, Detlev Riesner, Dieter Willbold and Oliver Bannach
Diagnostics 2023, 13(10), 1702; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13101702 - 11 May 2023
Viewed by 1577
Abstract
Protein misfolding and aggregation are pathological hallmarks of various neurodegenerative diseases. In Alzheimer’s disease (AD), soluble and toxic amyloid-β (Aβ) oligomers are biomarker candidates for diagnostics and drug development. However, accurate quantification of Aβ oligomers in bodily fluids is challenging because extreme sensitivity [...] Read more.
Protein misfolding and aggregation are pathological hallmarks of various neurodegenerative diseases. In Alzheimer’s disease (AD), soluble and toxic amyloid-β (Aβ) oligomers are biomarker candidates for diagnostics and drug development. However, accurate quantification of Aβ oligomers in bodily fluids is challenging because extreme sensitivity and specificity are required. We previously introduced surface-based fluorescence intensity distribution analysis (sFIDA) with single-particle sensitivity. In this report, a preparation protocol for a synthetic Aβ oligomer sample was developed. This sample was used for internal quality control (IQC) to improve standardization, quality assurance, and routine application of oligomer-based diagnostic methods. We established an aggregation protocol for Aβ1–42, characterized the oligomers by atomic force microscopy (AFM), and assessed their application in sFIDA. Globular-shaped oligomers with a median size of 2.67 nm were detected by AFM, and sFIDA analysis of the Aβ1–42 oligomers yielded a femtomolar detection limit with high assay selectivity and dilution linearity over 5 log units. Lastly, we implemented a Shewhart chart for monitoring IQC performance over time, which is another important step toward quality assurance of oligomer-based diagnostic methods. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis and Management of Dementia)
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15 pages, 991 KiB  
Article
Positive Effect of Cognitive Training in Older Adults with Different APOE Genotypes and COVID-19 History: A 1-Year Follow-Up Cohort Study
by Yana Zorkina, Timur Syunyakov, Olga Abramova, Alisa Andryushchenko, Denis Andreuyk, Evgeniya Abbazova, Dmitry Goncharov, Alisa Rakova, Nika Andriushchenko, Dmitry Gryadunov, Anna Ikonnikova, Elena Fedoseeva, Marina Emelyanova, Kristina Soloveva, Konstantin Pavlov, Olga Karpenko, Victor Savilov, Marat Kurmishev, Olga Gurina, Vladimir Chekhonin, Georgy Kostyuk and Anna Morozovaadd Show full author list remove Hide full author list
Diagnostics 2022, 12(10), 2312; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12102312 - 25 Sep 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2103
Abstract
(1) Background: Older people suffer from cognitive decline; several risk factors contribute to greater cognitive decline. We used acquired (COVID-19 infection) and non-modifiable (presence of APOE rs429358 and rs7412 polymorphisms) factors to study the progression of subjective cognitive impairment while observing patients for [...] Read more.
(1) Background: Older people suffer from cognitive decline; several risk factors contribute to greater cognitive decline. We used acquired (COVID-19 infection) and non-modifiable (presence of APOE rs429358 and rs7412 polymorphisms) factors to study the progression of subjective cognitive impairment while observing patients for one year. Cognitive training was used as a protective factor. (2) Methods: Two groups of subjects over the age of 65 participated in the study: group with subjective cognitive decline receiving cognitive training and individuals who did not complain of cognitive decline without receiving cognitive training (comparison group). On the first visit, the concentration of antibodies to COVID-19 and APOE genotype was measured. At the first and last point (1 year later) the Mini-Mental State Examination scale and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale were performed. (3) Results: COVID-19 infection did not affect cognitive function. A significant role of cognitive training in improving cognitive functions was revealed. Older adults with APOE-ε4 genotype showed no positive effect of cognitive training. (4) Conclusions: Future research should focus on cognitive dysfunction after COVID-19 in long-term follow-up. Attention to the factors discussed in our article, but not limited to them, are useful for a personalized approach to maintaining the cognitive health of older adults. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis and Management of Dementia)
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12 pages, 1311 KiB  
Brief Report
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Improves Executive Functioning through Modulation of Social Cognitive Networks in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment: Preliminary Results
by Leonardo Sacco, Martino Ceroni, Deborah Pacifico, Giorgia Zerboni, Stefania Rossi, Salvatore Galati, Serena Caverzasio, Alain Kaelin-Lang and Gianna C. Riccitelli
Diagnostics 2023, 13(3), 415; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13030415 - 23 Jan 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1713
Abstract
(1) Background: Patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) often present impairment in executive functions (EFs). This study aimed to investigate the effect of high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on EFs in patients with MCI. (2) Methods: A prospective trial was conducted on [...] Read more.
(1) Background: Patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) often present impairment in executive functions (EFs). This study aimed to investigate the effect of high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on EFs in patients with MCI. (2) Methods: A prospective trial was conducted on 11 patients with MCI. Participants underwent 25 min of 20 Hz rTMS for ten days on the right temporo-parietal junction (RTPJ) and medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC). Before (T0) and after rTMS treatment (T1), global cognitive profile and EFs were investigated using the Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA), trial making test (TMT) A and B, and frontal assessment battery (FAB). Depression symptoms were assessed using the geriatric depression scale (GDS). Statistical analysis included Wilcoxon signed-rank test. (3) Results: After treatment, patients showed a significant improvement in the MoCA EFs subtask (T0 vs. T1, p = 0.015) and TMT-B (T0 vs. T1, p = 0.028). Five MCI patients with EF impairment showed full recovery of these deficits. No significant changes in the GDS were observed. (4) Conclusions: rTMS stimulation over the TPJ and MPFC induced significant short-term improvements in EFs in MCI patients. These findings suggest that the TPJ and MPFC may be involved in the attention-executive skills to redirect attention toward behaviorally relevant stimuli. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis and Management of Dementia)
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