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Diagnostics
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Ovarian Cancer in 2025–2026: A Comprehensive Look at Characteristics, Screening,...
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Ovarian Cancer in 2025–2026: A Comprehensive Look at Characteristics, Screening, Diagnosis and Treatment

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 1 May 2026 | Viewed by 1781

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Edward J. Pavlik

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Director of Ovarian Screening Research in Gynecologic Oncology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536-0298, USA
Interests: ovarian cancer; cancer screening; tumor imaging
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Ovarian cancer is deadly, claiming more women than all other gynecological malignancies combined. However, when detected at an early stage, ovarian cancer is highly curable. The forthcoming Special Issue—Ovarian Cancer in 2025–2026—focuses on several key elements that are essential for understanding ovarian cancer, its characteristics, risk factors, responsiveness to chemotherapy, and immunotherapy, as well as vaccines that are relevant to ovarian cancer. Invited topics include, but are not limited to, the following:

  1. Risk factors for ovarian cancer;
  2. Markers and new genes associated with ovarian cancer;
  3. Ovarian cancer subtypes and their relatedness;
  4. Treatment related to high-volume centers and National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines;
  5. Predictors of treatment responses;
  6. Treatment costs and effectiveness;
  7. Therapies and precision therapies for ovarian cancer;
  8. Vaccines and checkpoints in the immune therapy of ovarian cancer;
  9. Diagnostic tools: strengths and limitations;
  10. International variations in ovarian cancer diagnosis and treatment;
  11. Determining ovarian cancer risk by tests for the general population;
  12. Mitigating risk of ovarian cancer surgically or medically;
  13. Screening trial design: selection, make-up, execution, protocol-driven aspects, age of participants, duration of screening, follow-up, and events to be censored;
  14. Collateral effects in screening: perceptions of well-being and potential complications of treatment as confounders of compliance;
  15. Endpoints and efficacy: early-stage detection, disease-specific survival, overall survival, and avoidance of an ovarian cancer death as endpoints, with considerations of screen performance and cost;
  16. Interpretation of ovarian screening trials—comparisons between screening trials conducted in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Japan are informative regarding the current status of ovarian screening;
  17. Emerging roles of AI in diagnosis and treatment of ovarian cancers;
  18. Disease sojourn times as a predictor;
  19. Liquid biopsy to discover new and recurrent ovarian cancers;
  20. Post treatment hematolgic malignancies;
  21. Model systems for ovarian cancer.

Dr. Edward J. Pavlik
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diagnostics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • ovarian cancer
  • risk
  • treatment
  • detection
  • screening
  • trial design
  • treatment
  • collateral effects
  • endpoints
  • costs
  • efficacy
  • AI
  • sojourn time models
  • vaccines
  • PARP inhibitors
  • liquid biopsies
  • post treatment hematologic malignancies
  • HIPEC
  • STIC/STIL

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Review

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13 pages, 240 KiB  
Review
Artificial Intelligence in Relation to Accurate Information and Tasks in Gynecologic Oncology and Clinical Medicine—Dunning–Kruger Effects and Ultracrepidarianism
by Edward J. Pavlik, Jamie Land Woodward, Frank Lawton, Allison L. Swiecki-Sikora, Dharani D. Ramaiah and Taylor A. Rives
Diagnostics 2025, 15(6), 735; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15060735 - 15 Mar 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 697
Abstract
Publications on the application of artificial intelligence (AI) to many situations, including those in clinical medicine, created in 2023–2024 are reviewed here. Because of the short time frame covered, here, it is not possible to conduct exhaustive analysis as would be the case [...] Read more.
Publications on the application of artificial intelligence (AI) to many situations, including those in clinical medicine, created in 2023–2024 are reviewed here. Because of the short time frame covered, here, it is not possible to conduct exhaustive analysis as would be the case in meta-analyses or systematic reviews. Consequently, this literature review presents an examination of narrative AI’s application in relation to contemporary topics related to clinical medicine. The landscape of the findings reviewed here span 254 papers published in 2024 topically reporting on AI in medicine, of which 83 articles are considered in the present review because they contain evidence-based findings. In particular, the types of cases considered deal with AI accuracy in initial differential diagnoses, cancer treatment recommendations, board-style exams, and performance in various clinical tasks, including clinical imaging. Importantly, summaries of the validation techniques used to evaluate AI findings are presented. This review focuses on AIs that have a clinical relevancy evidenced by application and evaluation in clinical publications. This relevancy speaks to both what has been promised and what has been delivered by various AI systems. Readers will be able to understand when generative AI may be expressing views without having the necessary information (ultracrepidarianism) or is responding as if the generative AI had expert knowledge when it does not. A lack of awareness that AIs may deliver inadequate or confabulated information can result in incorrect medical decisions and inappropriate clinical applications (Dunning–Kruger effect). As a result, in certain cases, a generative AI system might underperform and provide results which greatly overestimate any medical or clinical validity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ovarian Cancer in 2025–2026: A Comprehensive Look at Characteristics, Screening, Diagnosis and Treatment)

Other

Jump to: Review

10 pages, 2634 KiB  
Case Report
Synchronous Endometrial and Ovarian Adenocarcinomas in a 43-Year-Old Patient Following Infertility Treatment: A Case Report
by Małgorzata Gajewska, Barbara Suchońska, Joanna Blok, Wanda Gajzlerska-Majewska and Artur Ludwin
Diagnostics 2025, 15(6), 670; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15060670 - 10 Mar 2025
Viewed by 715
Abstract
Background and Clinical Significance: This study presents a case of a 43-year-old female with a long history of infertility, treated for uterine leiomyoma and endometrial hyperplasia, over a total observation period of 42 months. Case Presentation: Levonorgestrel intrauterine device (LNG-IUD) therapy, as a [...] Read more.
Background and Clinical Significance: This study presents a case of a 43-year-old female with a long history of infertility, treated for uterine leiomyoma and endometrial hyperplasia, over a total observation period of 42 months. Case Presentation: Levonorgestrel intrauterine device (LNG-IUD) therapy, as a first and subsequent line of treatment, was introduced. The patient also received medroxyprogesterone acetate oral treatment. Finally, she underwent surgery for an ovarian tumor that appeared to be an ovarian adenocarcinoma concurrent with endometrial cancer. After the removal of the reproductive organ, the patient was diagnosed with synchronous low-grade endometrioid adenocarcinoma in the endometrium and a concurrent grade 2 (G2) endometrioid adenocarcinoma in the left ovary. Conclusions: The prognosis and further management largely depend on whether these are two individual neoplasms or one metastatic tumor. Considering the young age of the patients, an early disease stage, a low grade of both cancers, and favorable prognosis, most synchronous endometrial and ovarian cancers are identified as two independent primary tumors. The diagnosis of a multi-focal neoplasm is important, as in patients with endometrial cancer and ovarian metastasis, the 5-year survival rate is 30–40%, whereas in the case of individual neoplasms, it is 75–80%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ovarian Cancer in 2025–2026: A Comprehensive Look at Characteristics, Screening, Diagnosis and Treatment)
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