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Diagnostics
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Recent Developments and Future Trends in Thoracic Imaging
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Recent Developments and Future Trends in Thoracic Imaging

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Medical Imaging and Theranostics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 August 2025 | Viewed by 3736

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Ioana Andreea Gheonea

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
Interests: medical imaging; artificial intelligence; computer-assisted image analysis; computed tomography; magnetic resonance imaging; cerebral diseases; lung diseases; gastrointestinal diseases

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Recent developments and new technical imaging applications need to analysed, including the use of ultra-low-dose (ULD) CT techniques, which allow for imaging of the chest with radiation doses similar to that of a chest X-ray. These techniques, combined with novel reconstruction methods, show promise for use in CT lung cancer screening. Another advancement is the introduction of photon-counting detector (PCD) technology. This technology provides high spatial resolution and low-noise imaging of interstitial lung disease, as well as improved spectral imaging capabilities. These innovations have the potential to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of thoracic imaging. Furthermore, radiomics and artificial intelligence, a rapidly evolving technology, has the potential to support treatment selection and predict oncological outcomes.

Dr. Ioana Andreea Gheonea
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diagnostics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • X-ray
  • computed tomography
  • magnetic resonance imaging
  • ultra-low-dose CT
  • photon-counting CT
  • oncology
  • artificial intelligence
  • emergency radiology
  • thoracic trauma
 

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 2309 KiB  
Article
Radiomics Feature Stability in True and Virtual Non-Contrast Reconstructions from Cardiac Photon-Counting Detector CT Datasets
by Luca Canalini, Elif G. Becker, Franka Risch, Stefanie Bette, Simon Hellbrueck, Judith Becker, Katharina Rippel, Christian Scheurig-Muenkler, Thomas Kroencke and Josua A. Decker
Diagnostics 2024, 14(22), 2483; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14222483 - 7 Nov 2024
Viewed by 834
Abstract
Objectives: Virtual non-contrast (VNC) series reconstructed from contrast-enhanced cardiac scans acquired with photon counting detector CT (PCD-CT) systems have the potential to replace true non-contrast (TNC) series. However, a quantitative comparison of the image characteristics of TNC and VNC data is necessary [...] Read more.
Objectives: Virtual non-contrast (VNC) series reconstructed from contrast-enhanced cardiac scans acquired with photon counting detector CT (PCD-CT) systems have the potential to replace true non-contrast (TNC) series. However, a quantitative comparison of the image characteristics of TNC and VNC data is necessary to determine to what extent they are interchangeable. This work quantitatively evaluates the image similarity between VNC and TNC reconstructions by measuring the stability of multi-class radiomics features extracted in intra-patient TNC and VNC reconstructions. Methods: TNC and VNC series of 84 patients were retrospectively collected. For each patient, the myocardium and epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) were semi-automatically segmented in both VNC and TNC reconstructions, and 105 radiomics features were extracted in each mask. Intra-feature correlation scores were computed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Stable features were defined with an ICC higher than 0.75. Results: In the myocardium, 41 stable features were identified, and the three with the highest ICC were glrlm_GrayLevelVariance with ICC3 of 0.98 [0.97, 0.99], ngtdm_Strength with ICC3 of 0.97 [0.95, 0.98], firstorder_Variance with ICC3 of 0.96 [0.94, 0.98]. For the epicardial fat, 40 stable features were found, and the three highest ranked are firstorder_Median with ICC3 of 0.96 [0.93, 0.97], firstorder_RootMeanSquared with ICC3 of 0.95 [0.92, 0.97], firstorder_Mean with ICC3 of 0.95 [0.92, 0.97]. A total of 24 features (22.8%; 24/105) showed stability in both anatomical structures. Conclusions: The significant differences in the correlation of radiomics features in VNC and TNC volumes of the myocardium and epicardial fat suggested that the two reconstructions may differ more than initially assumed. This indicates that they may not be interchangeable, and such differences could have clinical implications. Therefore, care should be given when selecting VNC as a substitute for TNC in radiomics research to ensure accurate and reliable analysis. Moreover, the observed variations may impact clinical workflows, where precise tissue characterization is critical for diagnosis and treatment planning. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Developments and Future Trends in Thoracic Imaging)
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Review

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16 pages, 21964 KiB  
Review
Osteosarcoma Metastasis to the Thorax: A Pictorial Review of Chest Computed Tomography Findings
by Khalid Abdulaziz Alduraibi, Jawaher Ali Towhari, Hatim Abdullah Alebdi, Bader Zaid Alfadhel, Ghazi S. Alotaibi, Subha Ghosh and Mnahi Bin Saeedan
Diagnostics 2024, 14(18), 2085; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14182085 - 20 Sep 2024
Viewed by 1990
Abstract
Background: Osteosarcoma, a primary bone malignancy in children and adolescents, frequently metastasizes to the lungs, contributing significantly to morbidity and mortality. Lung Metastases: At diagnosis, 15–20% of patients present with detectable lung metastases. Chest computed tomography (CT) is vital for the early detection [...] Read more.
Background: Osteosarcoma, a primary bone malignancy in children and adolescents, frequently metastasizes to the lungs, contributing significantly to morbidity and mortality. Lung Metastases: At diagnosis, 15–20% of patients present with detectable lung metastases. Chest computed tomography (CT) is vital for the early detection and monitoring of these metastases. Lung involvement typically presents as multiple nodules of varying sizes and can include atypical features such as cavitation, cystic lesions, ground-glass halos, intravascular tumor thrombi, and endobronchial disease. Additional Findings: Pleural metastasis often occurs alongside pulmonary disease, and complications like spontaneous pneumothorax may arise. Additional findings may include thoracic lymphadenopathy, cardiac tumor thrombus, and chest wall deposits. Conclusion: Familiarity with these imaging patterns is essential for radiologists to ensure timely diagnosis and effective management. This review highlights the critical role of chest CT in detecting and characterizing osteosarcoma metastasis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Developments and Future Trends in Thoracic Imaging)
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Other

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13 pages, 1323 KiB  
Protocol
Lung Elastance and Microvascularization as Quantitative Non-Invasive Biomarkers for the Aetiological Diagnosis of Lung Consolidations in Children (ELASMIC Study)
by Sergi Huerta-Calpe, Carmina Guitart, Josep Lluis Carrasco, Bárbara Salas, Francisco José Cambra, Iolanda Jordan and Mònica Balaguer
Diagnostics 2025, 15(7), 910; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15070910 - 2 Apr 2025
Viewed by 323
Abstract
Background: Acute lower respiratory tract conditions are highly prevalent in paediatrics. Many of these conditions present as consolidations on imaging studies. One of the most common causes is bacterial pneumonia (BP), which requires an accurate diagnosis to implement the best treatment plan. Despite [...] Read more.
Background: Acute lower respiratory tract conditions are highly prevalent in paediatrics. Many of these conditions present as consolidations on imaging studies. One of the most common causes is bacterial pneumonia (BP), which requires an accurate diagnosis to implement the best treatment plan. Despite the fact that major guidelines constrain the use of invasive tests, chest X-ray (CXR) or blood tests are still routinely used for the diagnosis. In this regard, the introduction of lung ultrasound (LUS) signified an advancement in reducing the invasiveness of diagnosis. However, there are still situations where distinguishing between different aetiologies remains challenging, especially in the case of atelectasis. Methods: This is a prospective cohort study to assess the diagnostic accuracy of new non-invasive, quantifiable, and reproducible imaging biomarkers (lung elastance and microvascularization ratio) for differentiating BP from another major entity that causes the appearance of consolidation in imaging tests, atelectasis. It will be conducted at Sant Joan de Déu Hospital in Spain from June 2025 to June 2027. Firstly, imaging biomarkers will be measured in well-aerated lung tissue without consolidation to establish their values in healthy lung tissue, according to a predefined imaging acquisition protocol. Subsequently, the imaging biomarkers will be assessed in patients with confirmed lung consolidation by LUS (Group 1: BP; Group 2: atelectasis). Results: The study aims to determine whether there are statistically significant differences in the biomarker values in relation to the normal values and between the different etiological groups. Conclusions: The demonstration of the reliable diagnostic accuracy of these biomarkers could significantly reduce the need for invasive techniques and improve the therapeutic management of many patients with BP and other pulmonary conditions presenting with consolidation in imaging tests. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Developments and Future Trends in Thoracic Imaging)
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