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Diagnostics
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Microbial Infections and Critical Care Medicine: Diagnosis and Management
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Microbial Infections and Critical Care Medicine: Diagnosis and Management

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2025) | Viewed by 2240

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Eleni K. Mouloudi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Adult Intensive Care Unit, Hippokratio General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
Interests: anestesiology; mechanical ventilation; infectious disease; especially infectious of multidrugresistant bacteria in icu patients and transplant recipients
Dr. Serafeim Chrysovalantis Kotoulas

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Pulmonology-Tuberculosis, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
Interests: icu; lung diseases; hemodynamic monitoring; mechanical vevtilation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Eleni Massa

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Critical Care Department, Hippokration Hospital Thessaloniki, 54942 Thessaloniki, Greece
Interests: infectious disease; especially infectious of multidrugresistant bacteria in icu patients and transplant recipients
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are pleased to invite you to participate in this Special Issue of “Diagnostics” entitled “Microbial Infections and Critical Care Medicine: Diagnosis and Management”. According to WHO, microbial infections are categorized among the top 10 causes of death worldwide, irrespective of countries’ income group, while it is estimated that, by 2050, up to 10 million deaths could be caused by superbugs and associated forms of antimicrobial resistance, which are mainly found in critical care patients, making them the leading cause of death worldwide.

This Special Issue aims to draw attention to this evolving threat by investigating both the existing and upcoming tools that physicians will have available in their arsenal in order to rigorously diagnose and successfully manage this threat.

In this Special Issue, original research articles and reviews are welcome. Important, novel, and interesting short communications or case report studies will also be considered. Research areas will mainly include (but not be limited to) the diagnosis and management of microbial infections in critical care medicine.

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Eleni K. Mouloudi
Dr. Serafeim Chrysovalantis Kotoulas
Dr. Eleni Massa
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diagnostics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • microbial infections
  • superbugs
  • antimicrobial resistance
  • multi-drug resistance
  • critical care
  • diagnosis
  • management

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (2 papers)

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18 pages, 631 KiB  
Article
Diabetes Mellitus and Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients: A Retrospective Observational Study
by Vasiliki Dourliou, Nikolaos Kakaletsis, Dafni Stamou, Antigoni Champla, Kalliopi Tsakiri, Dimitrios Agapakis and Triantafyllos Didangelos
Diagnostics 2025, 15(10), 1190; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15101190 - 8 May 2025
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Abstract
Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an independent risk factor for severe SARS-CoV-2 infection and is linked to higher incidences of infections and adverse outcomes in patients with DM. This study examines the association between DM and multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (MDR-GNB) in critically ill, [...] Read more.
Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an independent risk factor for severe SARS-CoV-2 infection and is linked to higher incidences of infections and adverse outcomes in patients with DM. This study examines the association between DM and multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (MDR-GNB) in critically ill, intubated COVID-19 patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) and evaluates mortality rates and clinical factors contributing to unfavorable outcomes. Methods: This retrospective observational study included intubated COVID-19 patients diagnosed with secondary infections due to MDR-GNB. Patients were treated for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in a tertiary care university hospital ICU between October 2020 and February 2022. Collected data included demographics, comorbidities, medication, and laboratory parameters including blood tests and culture samples. Results: Among 416 COVID-19 patients, 112 (26.9%) had T2DM. Cultures from lower respiratory tract specimens revealed a significantly higher likelihood of isolating Acinetobacter baumannii in patients with DM (OR: 2.18, 95% CI: 1.40–3.40, p < 0.001), and DM is an independent predictor of isolation Acinetobacter baumannii in bronchial secretions of COVID-19 intubated patients (OR: 2.046, 95% CI: 1.256–3.333. p < 0.004). DM was not significantly associated with differences in length of stay (LOS) until discharge or death (HR: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.51–1.12, p = 0.16; HR: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.70–1.19, p = 0.50) or 28-day ICU mortality (OR: 1.12, 95% CI: 0.52–2.41, p = 0.77). Age was linked to an increased 28-day mortality risk in patients with DM (OR: 1.10, 95% CI: 1.02–1.18, p = 0.011). Conclusions: In critically ill intubated COVID-19 patients, DM emerged as a significant and independent predictor for the isolation of Acinetobacter baumannii from bronchial secretions, highlighting a key link between DM and specific multidrug-resistant pathogens, even though no broader association with MDR-GNB-related secondary infections was observed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microbial Infections and Critical Care Medicine: Diagnosis and Management)
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11 pages, 926 KiB  
Case Report
Naegleria fowleri: Portrait of a Cerebral Killer
by Nguyen The Nguyen Phung, Huong Thien Pham, Thuc Thanh Tran, Vu Hoang Dinh, Nhut Minh Tran, Nuong Ai Nguyen Tran, Minh Quang Ngoc Ngo, Huong Thanh Thi Nguyen, Duy Khanh Tran, Thao Kieu Thi Le, Camelia Quek, Van Hung Pham and Son Truong Pham
Diagnostics 2025, 15(1), 89; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15010089 - 3 Jan 2025
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Abstract
Background: Primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) caused by Naegleria fowleri is a rare and devastating infection of the central nervous system, often diagnosed late, due to its rapid progression and nonspecific symptoms. Case Presentation: We report one of the youngest documented pediatric Vietnamese [...] Read more.
Background: Primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) caused by Naegleria fowleri is a rare and devastating infection of the central nervous system, often diagnosed late, due to its rapid progression and nonspecific symptoms. Case Presentation: We report one of the youngest documented pediatric Vietnamese cases of PAM in a 10-month-old girl from the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. The diagnosis was confirmed through multiplex real-time PCR (MPL-rPCR), microscopy, and sequencing. Clinical data were gathered retrospectively from medical records, and additional details were provided by the patient’s family. Treatment regimens, disease progression, and diagnostic challenges were reviewed and compared to existing literature. With intensive treatment, the child survived for 14 days, representing one of the longest reported pediatric PAM survival durations. No direct exposure to untreated freshwater or other typical risk factors for Naegleria fowleri infection was identified, underscoring the unique epidemiological nature of this case. MPL-rPCR enabled timely detection of the pathogen and demonstrated its utility in resource-limited settings. Conclusions: This case highlights the critical need for rapid, accessible diagnostic tools such as MPL-rPCR, particularly in resource-constrained environments where traditional diagnostics may not be feasible. It also emphasizes the importance of international collaboration and investment in cost-effective diagnostics and novel therapeutic strategies. The geographical expansion of PAM due to climate change further underscores the urgency of these measures to improve health outcomes in vulnerable populations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microbial Infections and Critical Care Medicine: Diagnosis and Management)
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