Advances in Multiple Myeloma Imaging in 2025

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Medical Imaging and Theranostics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 August 2025) | Viewed by 2526

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Radiology, Division of Musculoskeletal Imaging and Intervention, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
Interests: radiology; imaging; musculoskeletal radiology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Multiple myeloma (MM) remains a debilitating disease despite recent advances in diagnosis and treatment, with a 1:150 lifetime risk, higher incidences in elderly and black populations, and an approximately 10-year life expectancy after diagnosis in the United States. Advances in imaging technology, with multi-slice CTs, high-resolution 3T MRIs, and state-of-the-art CT, MRI, and PET/CT techniques, have revolutionized the diagnosis of musculoskeletal disorders, including MM, and created new opportunities for improved patient care. New imaging techniques have made it possible to predict disease processes. Modern imaging has enabled the early diagnosis and treatment of patients with MM.

This field has already changed and will continue to change with the emergence of novel approaches such as radiomics, machine learning, and quantitative analysis using multiparametric imaging. All these new emerging diagnostic approaches are advocating the idea of precision and personalized medicine. This Special Issue will provide updates on novel diagnostic approaches for imaging in patients with MM.

Dr. Majid Chalian
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • PET/CT
  • MRI
  • multiple myeloma
  • diagnosis
  • multiparametric imaging

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 1499 KB  
Article
Qualitative and Quantitative Inter-Observer Agreement of Multiparametric Whole-Body MRI in Staging and Follow-Up of Myeloma Patients
by Alice Rossi, Arrigo Cattabriga, Andrea Prochowski Iamurri, Eleonora Antognoni, Irene Azzali, Giacomo Feliciani, Claudio Cerchione, Ilaria Bronico, Danila Diano and Cristina Mosconi
Diagnostics 2025, 15(21), 2715; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15212715 (registering DOI) - 27 Oct 2025
Abstract
Background: Whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (WB-MRI) is incorporated into international guidelines and recommendations for imaging patients with multiple myeloma. The aim of this study was to investigate inter-observer agreement of radiologists with different levels of expertise in reporting whole-body MRI performed along [...] Read more.
Background: Whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (WB-MRI) is incorporated into international guidelines and recommendations for imaging patients with multiple myeloma. The aim of this study was to investigate inter-observer agreement of radiologists with different levels of expertise in reporting whole-body MRI performed along MY-RADS criteria in myeloma at baseline and in evaluating response to therapy to better certify the use of these criteria. Methods: A total of 52 patients with symptomatic myeloma at first presentation (47) or relapse (5) and planned for a new line of therapy were included. All patients completed baseline whole-body MRI within 1 month prior to starting treatment. A total of 25 patients were evaluated with WB-MRI within 1 month after therapy. Each scan was reported independently by three radiologists using MY-RADS. Differences in observer scores were compared using analysis of variance (ANOVA), and inter-observer agreement was assessed using the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC). Results: Interobserver agreement was excellent for all anatomic regions (> 0.81), both at baseline and at follow-up. Quantitative MRI analysis demonstrated that there was no significant difference in mean observer scores for the whole skeleton, and ICC demonstrated excellent inter-observer agreement at 0.9197 for ROI dimension, 0.94 for ADC values, and 0.98 for rFF%. Conclusion: MY RADS has excellent inter-observer agreement in reporting symptomatic myeloma at baseline and follow-up after therapy. In our study, there was no discrepancy between skeletal regions, highlighting specific areas of difficulty. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Multiple Myeloma Imaging in 2025)
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Review

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11 pages, 423 KB  
Review
Illuminating the Shadows: Innovation in Advanced Imaging Techniques for Myeloma Precursor Conditions
by Kara I. Cicero, Rahul Banerjee, Mary Kwok, Danai Dima, Andrew J. Portuguese, Delphine Chen, Majid Chalian and Andrew J. Cowan
Diagnostics 2025, 15(2), 215; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15020215 - 18 Jan 2025
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Abstract
Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM), the asymptomatic precursors to multiple myeloma, affect up to 5% of the population over the age of 40. Bone involvement, a myeloma-defining event, represents a major source of morbidity for patients. Key [...] Read more.
Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM), the asymptomatic precursors to multiple myeloma, affect up to 5% of the population over the age of 40. Bone involvement, a myeloma-defining event, represents a major source of morbidity for patients. Key goals for the management of myeloma precursor conditions include (1) identifying patients at the highest risk for progression to MM with bone involvement and (2) differentiating precursor states from active myeloma requiring treatment. Computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography (PET)-CT with [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) have improved sensitivity for the detection of myeloma bone disease compared to traditional skeletal surveys, and such advanced imaging also provides this field with better tools for detecting early signs of progression. Herein, we review the data supporting the use of advanced imaging for both diagnostics and prognostication in myeloma precursor conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Multiple Myeloma Imaging in 2025)
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