Recent Advances in Diagnosis, Treatment and Prognosis of Giant Cell Tumor of the Bone

A special issue of Current Oncology (ISSN 1718-7729).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2024) | Viewed by 2901

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Orthopaedic Oncology Unit, IRCCS Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
Interests: muscolo-skeletal tumors; orthopaedic oncology; paediatric orthopaedic surgery; bone metastases

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Giant cell tumor (GCT) of the bone is a locally aggressive and rarely metastasizing primary bone tumor. 

The controversial treatment is decided by the balance between an adequate surgical margin and sufficient adjacent joint function.

Curettage with a high-speed burr and local adjuvants is the most indicated treatment for active lesions, but with a high local recurrence rate. Conversely, en bloc resection for aggressive lesions have lower local recurrence rates, but increased morbidity and possible functional impairment.

Denosumab—a monoclonal antibody that inhibits RANKL—is considered to be a new option for the treatment of locally advanced GCT. Even though denosumab downstages the GCT, concerns have been raised for the reactivation of the disease after termination of the treatment. Moreover, there are still concerns regarding the most appropriate surgery and for requirement of bone resections despite the use of denosumab.

We would like to invite physicians and researchers involved in this field to contribute observations and results to this Special Issue.

Dr. Laura Campanacci
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • giant cell tumor of the bone
  • curettage
  • resection
  • denosumab
  • biomarkers

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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14 pages, 418 KiB  
Review
The Evaluation and Management of Lung Metastases in Patients with Giant Cell Tumors of Bone in the Denosumab Era
by Giulia Trovarelli, Arianna Rizzo, Mariachiara Cerchiaro, Elisa Pala, Andrea Angelini and Pietro Ruggieri
Curr. Oncol. 2024, 31(4), 2158-2171; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol31040160 - 9 Apr 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1884
Abstract
Giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) is characterized by uncertain biological behavior due to its local aggressiveness and metastasizing potential. In this study, we conducted a meta-analysis of the contemporary literature to evaluate all management strategies for GCTB metastases. A combination of the [...] Read more.
Giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) is characterized by uncertain biological behavior due to its local aggressiveness and metastasizing potential. In this study, we conducted a meta-analysis of the contemporary literature to evaluate all management strategies for GCTB metastases. A combination of the terms “lung metastases”, “giant cell tumor”, “bone”, “treatment”, and “oncologic outcomes” returned 133 patients meeting our inclusion criteria: 64 males and 69 females, with a median age of 28 years (7–63), at the onset of primary GCTB. Lung metastases typically occur at a mean interval of 26 months (range: 0–143 months) after treatment of the primary site, commonly presenting as multiple and bilateral lesions. Various treatment approaches, including surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and drug administration, were employed, while 35 patients underwent routine monitoring only. Upon a mean follow-up of about 7 years (range: 1–32 years), 90% of patients were found to be alive, while 10% had died. Death occurred in 25% of patients who had chemotherapy, whereas 96% of those not treated or treated with Denosumab alone were alive at a mean follow-up of 6 years (range: 1–19 years). Given the typically favorable prognosis of lung metastases in patients with GCTB, additional interventions beyond a histological diagnosis confirmation may not be needed. Denosumab, by reducing the progression of the disease, can play a pivotal role in averting or delaying lung failure. Full article
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