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Current Oncology
Special Issues
Diet and Physical Activity Management during Cancer
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Diet and Physical Activity Management during Cancer

A special issue of Current Oncology (ISSN 1718-7729). This special issue belongs to the section "Palliative and Supportive Care".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2024) | Viewed by 2988

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Salvatore Cortellino

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS-CROB, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, 85028 Rionero in Vulture, Italy
Interests: diets and physical activities; preventing tumorigenesis; anticancer therapies; potential pharmacological targets

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Lifestyle factors of diet and physical activity are two main factors that are essential for the prevention of diseases associated with aging, such as cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, and oncological disease. Unbalanced diets and a sedentary lifestyle favor adiposity and promote metabolic syndrome, which generates pro-inflammatory conditions that foster cancer onset and progression.

It has recently emerged that non-pharmacological dietary interventions such as caloric restriction and leisurely physical activity have beneficial effects, not only in the prevention of cancer but also in improving and enhancing the effectiveness of anti-tumor therapies. This has been demonstrated in preclinical models and also in human clinical studies.

Caloric restriction and physical activity modulate common signaling pathways, also acting on the release of hormones, cytokines, and metabolites that could directly influence tumor cells as well as the tumor environment and the immune system.

The purpose of this Special Issue is to summarize the recent progress achieved in deciphering the role of diets and physical activities, the underlying signaling pathways that may have a positive impact in preventing tumorigenesis, improving anticancer therapies, and potential pharmacological targets capable of mimicking the effects of caloric restriction and physical activity.

Dr. Salvatore Cortellino
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Current Oncology is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • diets and physical activities
  • signaling pathways
  • preventing tumorigenesis
  • anticancer therapies
  • potential pharmacological targets
  • caloric restriction

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 788 KiB  
Article
The Influence of Nordic Walking Training on the Serum Levels of Sirtuins, FOXO3a, and Vitamin D Metabolites in Patients with Multiple Myeloma
by Olga Czerwińska-Ledwig, Małgorzata Żychowska, Artur Jurczyszyn, Joanna Kryst, Adrianna Dzidek, Roxana Zuziak, Anna Jurczyszyn and Anna Piotrowska
Curr. Oncol. 2024, 31(12), 7960-7970; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol31120587 - 14 Dec 2024
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Abstract
Background: Multiple myeloma, a malignancy of plasma cells, often involves the disruption of vitamin D metabolism. Vitamin D, acting through its receptor (VDR), affects transcription factors like FOXO and sirtuins, which regulate cellular processes. The impact of physical activity on these markers in [...] Read more.
Background: Multiple myeloma, a malignancy of plasma cells, often involves the disruption of vitamin D metabolism. Vitamin D, acting through its receptor (VDR), affects transcription factors like FOXO and sirtuins, which regulate cellular processes. The impact of physical activity on these markers in multiple myeloma patients is unclear. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a 6-week training program on these parameters. Material and methods: The study was completed by 30 patients, including 16 in the Nordic walking training group (TG) and 14 in the control group (non-exercising, CG). All participants underwent a thorough medical interview before starting the project. Venous blood samples were collected from all participants four times—at baseline, after 3 weeks, after 6 weeks, and after 9 weeks (follow-up). The serum concentrations of sirtuin 1, sirtuin 3, Foxo3a, vitamin D receptor (VDR), 25(OH)D3, and 1,25(OH)2D were determined. Body composition, physical fitness, and physical activity level were assessed at baseline and after 6 weeks. Results: No statistically significant changes were observed in the serum levels of sirtuins, the FOXO3a protein, and 1,25(OH)2D. A statistically significant difference was observed in the levels of VDR for both time and group factors, but this was not confirmed in the post hoc test. Vitamin 25(OH)D3 level increased significantly in the study group with time. Conclusions: The applied 6-week Nordic walking training cycle positively affected the level of vitamin 25(OH)D3 but did not influence the rest of the biochemical parameters studied. The obtained results also indicate that the applied intervention is safe for patients and does not interfere with body composition. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet and Physical Activity Management during Cancer)
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Review

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41 pages, 964 KiB  
Review
Nutritional Counseling During Chemotherapy Treatment: A Systematic Review of Feasibility, Safety, and Efficacy
by Shalet James, Alexie Oppermann, Kaitlin M. Schotz, Mackenzie M. Minotti, Gautam G. Rao, Ian R. Kleckner, Brenton J. Baguley and Amber S. Kleckner
Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(1), 3; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32010003 - 24 Dec 2024
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Abstract
Dietary interventions during chemotherapy hold promise for clinical and supportive care outcomes. We systematically investigated the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of nutritional counseling conducted during chemotherapy. Studies prospectively implemented nutrition counseling during chemotherapy. Articles were identified from three databases—EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and SCOPUS—from [...] Read more.
Dietary interventions during chemotherapy hold promise for clinical and supportive care outcomes. We systematically investigated the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of nutritional counseling conducted during chemotherapy. Studies prospectively implemented nutrition counseling during chemotherapy. Articles were identified from three databases—EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and SCOPUS—from inception to 1 October 2024. Feasibility, safety, and efficacy of outcome data were extracted. Among 44 publications, 39 studies recruited 98 ± 80 participants (range 15–360); 38/39 (97%) were randomized controlled trials. One-third (31%) were among patients with breast cancer. Interventions were divided into individualized nutritional counseling (n = 21), nutrition counseling plus exercise (n = 13), and nutrient-specific dietary patterns (n = 10). Many had goals to achieve established nutrition guidelines. Feasibility was high based on attendance at counseling sessions, retention, and/or food log analysis. Overall, there were minimal adverse events related to the interventions. Many studies showed between-group differences favoring the intervention group for body weight (8/24, gain or loss, according to goals), nutritional status (8/9), quality of life (3/10 without and 6/9 with exercise), cancer-related fatigue (7/10), chemotherapy tolerance (6/11), and treatment responses (3/13). In conclusion, nutritional interventions were feasible and safe for patients undergoing chemotherapy and demonstrated preliminary efficacy to improve nutritional status, fatigue, chemotherapy tolerance, and other outcomes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet and Physical Activity Management during Cancer)
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16 pages, 332 KiB  
Review
Potential Benefits from Physical Exercise in Advanced Cancer Patients Undergoing Systemic Therapy? A Narrative Review of the Randomized Clinical Trials
by Federico Bozzetti
Curr. Oncol. 2024, 31(12), 7631-7646; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol31120563 - 1 Dec 2024
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Abstract
Design. The purpose of this review is the analysis of the literature concerning the effects of physical exercise in cancer patients undergoing medical oncologic treatment. Papers were retrieved from the scrutiny of 15 reviews/meta-analyses published in the last 2 years, which, however, pooled [...] Read more.
Design. The purpose of this review is the analysis of the literature concerning the effects of physical exercise in cancer patients undergoing medical oncologic treatment. Papers were retrieved from the scrutiny of 15 reviews/meta-analyses published in the last 2 years, which, however, pooled different populations of patients (surgical and medical patients, receiving or not an oncologic therapy, harboring a cancer, or being survivors). Results. We reviewed the data of 35 RCTs on the use of physical exercise in cancer patients, distinguishing well-nourished from malnourished patients. The conclusions of our study are the following: No major difference between well-nourished and malnourished patients as regards compliance/adherence with physical exercise and outcomes. Compliance with physical exercise was reported in about 70% of the studies. Compared with a control group receiving the usual care, in patients who practiced physical exercise, a benefit in some parameters of physical function and quality of life and lean body mass (LBM) was reported in 61%, 47%, and 12%, respectively, of the studies in non-malnourished patients, and in 50%, 100%, and 36%, respectively, of the studies in malnourished patients. The benefit in LBM was more frequently reported in weight-losing patients. There was no strict association among the results of different outcomes (muscle function vs. quality of life vs. LBM). There are still some ill-defined issues, including the optimal physical regimen (with some authors favoring high-intensity interval training and resistance) and the place of exercising (patients usually preferring home exercises, which, however, have been proved less efficacious). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet and Physical Activity Management during Cancer)
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