Coatings

Editorial

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3 pages, 159 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Special Issue on Surfaces Modification and Analysis for Innovative Biomaterials

by Elvira De Giglio

Coatings 2020, 10(11), 1129; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings10111129 - 21 Nov 2020

Viewed by 1651

Abstract

The reactivity of a biomaterial is literally “written on its surface”, since it contacts host tissues and leads to the biological response [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surfaces Modification and Analysis for Innovative Biomaterials)

Research

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12 pages, 2347 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Eudragit S100 Entrapped Liposome for Curcumin Delivery: Anti-Oxidative Effect in Caco-2 Cells

by Vincenzo De Leo, Sante Di Gioia, Francesco Milano, Paola Fini, Roberto Comparelli, Erminia Mancini, Angela Agostiano, Massimo Conese and Lucia Catucci

Coatings 2020, 10(2), 114; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings10020114 - 30 Jan 2020

Cited by 44 | Viewed by 6012

Abstract

Curcumin is a natural polyphenol with strong antioxidant activity. However, this molecule shows a very poor bioavailability, instability, and rapid metabolism in vivo. In this work curcumin was loaded in Eudragit-coated liposomes to create a gastroresistant carrier, able to protect its load from [...] Read more.

Curcumin is a natural polyphenol with strong antioxidant activity. However, this molecule shows a very poor bioavailability, instability, and rapid metabolism in vivo. In this work curcumin was loaded in Eudragit-coated liposomes to create a gastroresistant carrier, able to protect its load from degradation and free it at the site of absorption in the colon region. Small unilamellar vesicles were prepared and coated with Eudragit by a pH-driven method. The physico-chemical properties of the prepared systems were assessed by light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry. The uptake of vesicles by Caco-2 cells and the anti-oxidant activity in cells were evaluated. The produced vesicles showed dimensions of about forty nanometers that after covering with Eudragit resulted to have micrometric dimensions at acid pH. The experiments showed that at pH > 7.0 the polymeric coating dissolves, releasing the nanometric liposomes and allowing them to enter Caco-2 cells. Delivered curcumin loaded vesicles were then able to decrease significantly ROS levels as induced by H₂O₂ in Caco-2 cells. The proposed work showed the possibility of realizing effective gastroresistant curcumin liposome formulations for the delivery of antioxidant molecules to Caco-2 cells, potentially applicable to the treatment of pathological conditions related to intestinal oxidative stress. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surfaces Modification and Analysis for Innovative Biomaterials)

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18 pages, 2394 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Functionalization of Silk Fibers by PDGF and Bioceramics for Bone Tissue Regeneration

by Michael Wöltje, Ronny Brünler, Melanie Böbel, Sabrina Ernst, Sabine Neuss, Dilbar Aibibu and Chokri Cherif

Coatings 2020, 10(1), 8; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings10010008 - 20 Dec 2019

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 4800

Abstract

Bone regeneration is a complex, well-organized physiological process of bone formation observed during normal fracture healing and involved in continuous remodeling throughout adult life. An ideal medical device for bone regeneration requires interconnected pores within the device to allow for penetration of blood [...] Read more.

Bone regeneration is a complex, well-organized physiological process of bone formation observed during normal fracture healing and involved in continuous remodeling throughout adult life. An ideal medical device for bone regeneration requires interconnected pores within the device to allow for penetration of blood vessels and cells, enabling material biodegradation and bone ingrowth. Additional mandatory characteristics include an excellent resorption rate, a 3D structure similar to natural bone, biocompatibility, and customizability to multiple patient-specific geometries combined with adequate mechanical strength. Therefore, endless silk fibers were spun from native silk solution isolated from silkworm larvae and functionalized with osteoconductive bioceramic materials. In addition, transgenic silkworms were generated to functionalize silk proteins with human platelet-derived growth factor (hPDGF). Both, PDGF-silk and bioceramic modified silk were then assembled into 3D textile implants using an additive manufacturing approach. Textile implants were characterized in terms of porosity, compressive strength, and cyclic load. In addition, osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells was evaluated. Silk fiber-based 3D textile implants showed good cytocompatibility and stem cells cultured on bioceramic material functionalized silk implants were differentiating into bone cells. Thus, functionalized 3D interconnected porous textile scaffolds were shown to be promising biomaterials for bone regeneration. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surfaces Modification and Analysis for Innovative Biomaterials)

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15 pages, 3062 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Surface Functionalization of Bioactive Glasses with Polyphenols from Padina pavonica Algae and In Situ Reduction of Silver Ions: Physico-Chemical Characterization and Biological Response

by Asmaa Sayed Abdelgeliel, Sara Ferraris, Andrea Cochis, Sara Vitalini, Marcello Iriti, Hiba Mohammed, Ajay Kumar, Martina Cazzola, Wesam M. Salem, Enrica Verné, Silvia Spriano and Lia Rimondini

Coatings 2019, 9(6), 394; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings9060394 - 19 Jun 2019

Cited by 25 | Viewed by 4923

Abstract

Bioactive glasses (BGs) are attractive materials for bone replacement due to their tailorable chemical composition that is able to promote bone healing and repair. Accordingly, many attempts have been introduced to further improve BGs’ biological behavior and to protect them from bacterial infection, [...] Read more.

Bioactive glasses (BGs) are attractive materials for bone replacement due to their tailorable chemical composition that is able to promote bone healing and repair. Accordingly, many attempts have been introduced to further improve BGs’ biological behavior and to protect them from bacterial infection, which is nowadays the primary reason for implant failure. Polyphenols from natural products have been proposed as a novel source of antibacterial agents, whereas silver is a well-known antibacterial agent largely employed due to its broad-ranged activity. Based on these premises, the surface of a bioactive glass (CEL2) was functionalized with polyphenols extracted from the Egyptian algae Padina pavonica and enriched with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using an in situ reduction technique only using algae extract. We analyzed the composite’s morphological and physical-chemical characteristics using FE-SEM, EDS, XPS and Folin–Ciocalteau; all analyses confirmed that both algae polyphenols and AgNPs were successfully loaded together onto the CEL2 surface. Antibacterial analysis revealed that the presence of polyphenols and AgNPs significantly reduced the metabolic activity (>50%) of Staphylococcus aureus biofilm in comparison with bare CEL2 controls. Finally, we verified the composite’s cytocompatibility with human osteoblasts progenitors that were selected as representative cells for bone healing advancement. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surfaces Modification and Analysis for Innovative Biomaterials)

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15 pages, 2916 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Biomimetic Properties of Force-Spun PHBV Membranes Functionalised with Collagen as Substrates for Biomedical Application

by Kegan I. S. McColgan-Bannon, Sarah Upson, Piergiorgio Gentile, Muhammad Tausif, Stephen Russell, Kenneth Dalgarno and Ana Marina Ferreira

Coatings 2019, 9(6), 350; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings9060350 - 28 May 2019

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 4020

Abstract

The force-spinning process parameters (i.e., spin speed, spinneret-collector distance, and polymer concentration), optimised and characterised in previous work by this group, allowed the rapid fabrication of large quantities of high surface area poly(3-hydroxybutyric acid-co-3-hydroxyvaleric acid) (PHBV) polymeric fibre membranes. This paper examined the [...] Read more.

The force-spinning process parameters (i.e., spin speed, spinneret-collector distance, and polymer concentration), optimised and characterised in previous work by this group, allowed the rapid fabrication of large quantities of high surface area poly(3-hydroxybutyric acid-co-3-hydroxyvaleric acid) (PHBV) polymeric fibre membranes. This paper examined the potential application for force-spun PHBV fibres functionalised with type I collagen for tissue regeneration applications. PHBV fibre scaffolds provide a biologically suitable substrate to guide the regeneration of dermal tissues, however, have poor cellular adhesion properties. The grafting of collagen type-I to PHBV fibres demonstrated improved cell adhesion and growth in Neo-NHDF (neonatal human dermal fibroblasts) fibroblasts. The examination of fibre morphology, thermal properties, collagen content, and degradability was used to contrast the physicochemical properties of the PHBV and PHBV-Collagen fibres. Biodegradation models using phosphate buffered saline determined there was no appreciable change in mass over the course of 6 weeks; a Sirius Red assay was performed on degraded samples, showing no change in the quantity of collagen. Cell metabolism studies showed an increase in cell metabolism on conjugated samples after three and 7 days. In addition, in vitro cytocompatibility studies demonstrated superior cell activity and adhesion on conjugated samples over 7 days. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surfaces Modification and Analysis for Innovative Biomaterials)

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13 pages, 6913 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Implant Coating Manufactured by Micro-Arc Oxidation and Dip Coating in Resorbable Polylactide for Antimicrobial Applications in Orthopedics

by Xiao-Yan Cao, Na Tian, Xiang Dong and Cheng-Kung Cheng

Coatings 2019, 9(5), 284; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings9050284 - 26 Apr 2019

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 4206

Abstract

Prophylaxis and the treatment of implant-related infections has become a key focus area for research into improving the outcome of orthopedic implants. Functional resorbable coatings have been developed to provide an antimicrobial surface on the implant and reduce the risk of infection. However, [...] Read more.

Prophylaxis and the treatment of implant-related infections has become a key focus area for research into improving the outcome of orthopedic implants. Functional resorbable coatings have been developed to provide an antimicrobial surface on the implant and reduce the risk of infection. However, resorbable coatings developed to date still suffer from low adhesive strength and an inadequate release rate of antibiotics. This study presents a novel double-coating of micro-arc oxidation and resorbable polylactide copolymer on a Ti-6Al-4V implant with the aim of reducing the risk of infection post-implantation. The adhesive strength, rate of coating degradation, and antibiotic release rate were investigated. A key finding was that the micro-arc oxidation coating with the addition of antibiotics increased the adhesive strength of the poly-l-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone (PLC) coatings. The adhesive strength was influenced by the concentration of the PLC solution, the surface structure of the titanium substrate, and the composition of the coatings. The antibiotics blended into the PLC coating had a release cycle of approximately 10 days, which would be long enough to reduce the risk of developing an infection after implantation. The double coatings presented in this study have an excellent potential for reducing the incidence and severity of implants-related early infections. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surfaces Modification and Analysis for Innovative Biomaterials)

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Review

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33 pages, 1414 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceReview

Functionalization of Ceramic Coatings for Enhancing Integration in Osteoporotic Bone: A Systematic Review

by Maria Sartori, Melania Maglio, Matilde Tschon, Nicolò Nicoli Aldini, Andrea Visani and Milena Fini

Coatings 2019, 9(5), 312; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings9050312 - 9 May 2019

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 4834

Abstract

Background: The success of reconstructive orthopaedic surgery strongly depends on the mechanical and biological integration between the prosthesis and the host bone tissue. Progressive population ageing with increased frequency of altered bone metabolism conditions requires new strategies for ensuring an early implant fixation [...] Read more.

Background: The success of reconstructive orthopaedic surgery strongly depends on the mechanical and biological integration between the prosthesis and the host bone tissue. Progressive population ageing with increased frequency of altered bone metabolism conditions requires new strategies for ensuring an early implant fixation and long-term stability. Ceramic materials and ceramic-based coatings, owing to the release of calcium phosphate and to the precipitation of a biological apatite at the bone-implant interface, are able to promote a strong bonding between the host bone and the implant. Methods: The aim of the present systematic review is the analysis of the existing literature on the functionalization strategies for improving the implant osteointegration in osteoporotic bone and their relative translation into the clinical practice. The review process, conducted on two electronic databases, identified 47 eligible preclinical studies and 5 clinical trials. Results: Preclinical data analysis showed that functionalization with both organic and inorganic molecules usually improves osseointegration in the osteoporotic condition, assessed mainly in rodent models. Clinical studies, mainly retrospective, have tested no functionalization strategies. Registered trademarks materials have been investigated and there is lack of information about the micro- or nano- topography of ceramics. Conclusions: Ceramic materials/coatings functionalization obtained promising results in improving implant osseointegration even in osteoporotic conditions but preclinical evidence has not been fully translated to clinical applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surfaces Modification and Analysis for Innovative Biomaterials)

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19 pages, 3233 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperReview

Electrochemical Strategies for Titanium Implant Polymeric Coatings: The Why and How

by Stefania Cometa, Maria Addolorata Bonifacio, Monica Mattioli-Belmonte, Luigia Sabbatini and Elvira De Giglio

Coatings 2019, 9(4), 268; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings9040268 - 20 Apr 2019

Cited by 26 | Viewed by 6531

Abstract

Among the several strategies aimed at polymeric coatings deposition on titanium (Ti) and its alloys, metals commonly used in orthopaedic and orthodontic prosthesis, electrochemical approaches have gained growing interest, thanks to their high versatility. In this review, we will present two main electrochemical [...] Read more.

Among the several strategies aimed at polymeric coatings deposition on titanium (Ti) and its alloys, metals commonly used in orthopaedic and orthodontic prosthesis, electrochemical approaches have gained growing interest, thanks to their high versatility. In this review, we will present two main electrochemical procedures to obtain stable, low cost and reliable polymeric coatings: electrochemical polymerization and electrophoretic deposition. Distinction should be made between bioinert films—having mainly the purpose of hindering corrosive processes of the underlying metal—and bioactive films—capable of improving biological compatibility, avoiding inflammation or implant-associated infection processes, and so forth. However, very often, these two objectives have been pursued and achieved contemporaneously. Indeed, the ideal coating is a system in which anti-corrosion, anti-infection and osseointegration can be obtained simultaneously. The ultimate goal of all these coatings is the better control of properties and processes occurring at the titanium interface, with a special emphasis on the cell-coating interactions. Finally, advantages and drawbacks of these electrochemical strategies have been highlighted in the concluding remarks. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surfaces Modification and Analysis for Innovative Biomaterials)

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