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Climate Change Impacts on Hydrologic Variables across Timescales and Spatial...
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Climate Change Impacts on Hydrologic Variables across Timescales and Spatial Scale

A special issue of Climate (ISSN 2225-1154).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 May 2025 | Viewed by 6644

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Yang Zhou

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
Interests: atmospheric rivers; large-scale climate variability; tropical meteorology; subseasonal-to-seasonal prediction and predictability; climate change
Dr. Jiabao Wang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Center for Western Weather and Water Extremes, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
Interests: tropical-extratropical teleconnections; precipitation extremes; ARs(atmospheric rivers)

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Climate change is a mounting stress on human societies and natural systems, and its influence on the hydrological cycle is unneglectable. Rising global temperature leads to an increased evaporation rate, speeding up parts of the water cycle with more precipitation and even increasing the likelihood of coastal flooding. However, enhanced evaporation can reduce surface water and contribute to drought. Human-caused climate change can foster changes in the location, frequency, and intensity of hydroclimate extremes. To facilitate emergency response and mitigate socio-economic loss, it is necessary to advance the current understanding of the mechanisms and processes that contribute to the impacts of climate change on hydrologic variables, such as precipitation, moisture transport, and soil moisture. This Special Issue focuses on climate change impacts on the hydrological cycle, including hydrometeorological interaction and hydroclimate extremes. Potential submissions include, but are not limited to, observational analysis; mechanisms and processes study; the assessment of projection uncertainties; the assessment of regional and spatial dependencies; and approaches to quantify the future changes in hydroclimate extremes.

Dr. Yang Zhou
Dr. Jiabao Wang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Climate is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1800 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

21 pages, 8928 KiB  
Article
Analyzing Temperature, Precipitation, and River Discharge Trends in Afghanistan’s Main River Basins Using Innovative Trend Analysis, Mann–Kendall, and Sen’s Slope Methods
by Noor Ahmad Akhundzadah
Climate 2024, 12(12), 196; https://doi.org/10.3390/cli12120196 - 22 Nov 2024
Viewed by 713
Abstract
Afghanistan, a nation already challenged by geopolitical and environmental pressure, faces severe climate change impacts, evident through rising temperatures, decreasing precipitation, and reduced river discharge. These changes profoundly affect the country’s water resources, agriculture, ecosystems, and well-being. This study analyzes trends in mean [...] Read more.
Afghanistan, a nation already challenged by geopolitical and environmental pressure, faces severe climate change impacts, evident through rising temperatures, decreasing precipitation, and reduced river discharge. These changes profoundly affect the country’s water resources, agriculture, ecosystems, and well-being. This study analyzes trends in mean annual temperature, precipitation, and river discharge across all five of Afghanistan’s river basins from 1980 to 2022, utilizing an innovative trend analysis (ITA), the Mann–Kendall (MK) test, and Sen’s slope (SS) estimator. Climate data were derived from the CRU TS.v4 and TerraClimate gridded datasets, while river discharge data were obtained from GloFAS-ERA5 datasets. The results reveal significant climate shifts, including a notable 1.5 °C rise in mean annual temperature, significantly higher than the global average of 1.3 °C, a 1.2 mm decrease in mean annual precipitation, and a −128 m3/s reduction in river discharge across all basins since 1980. Climate change impacts were particularly severe in the western part of the country. These findings underscore the strain on Afghanistan’s vulnerable water resources, with critical implications for agriculture and water management, highlighting the urgent need for adaptive strategies to mitigate climate-induced risks. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Climate Change Impacts on Hydrologic Variables across Timescales and Spatial Scale)
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13 pages, 1632 KiB  
Article
Impacts of Climate Change on Rainfall ‘Seasonality Index’ and Its Potential Implications on Water Savings and Reliability through Household Rainwater Tanks
by Monzur Alam Imteaz, Mohammad S. Khan, Iqbal Hossain and Amimul Ahsan
Climate 2024, 12(10), 153; https://doi.org/10.3390/cli12100153 - 1 Oct 2024
Viewed by 837
Abstract
This study depicts potential climate change impacts on annual rainwater savings from household rainwater harvesting using two different climate projection models; ACCESS 1.0 and CSIRO-Mk3.6. This paper also investigates potential changes in the relationships of ‘water saving efficiency’ and reliability with rainfall ‘seasonality [...] Read more.
This study depicts potential climate change impacts on annual rainwater savings from household rainwater harvesting using two different climate projection models; ACCESS 1.0 and CSIRO-Mk3.6. This paper also investigates potential changes in the relationships of ‘water saving efficiency’ and reliability with rainfall ‘seasonality index’ under the mentioned climate change scenarios. The annual water savings were calculated for three weather conditions: dry, average, and wet. Historical daily rainfall amounts provided by the Australian Bureau of Meteorology were used for three locations within the city of Brisbane (Australia). For the same locations, projected future daily rainfall amounts were collected from an online data portal facilitated by the Australian government. Potential annual water savings, water saving efficiency, and reliability values for the selected locations were calculated through a widely used tool, eTank, developed on water balance methodology at a daily scale. It was found that for the coastal location, Manly, the future water savings are not likely to change significantly. However, for the inland location, Sunnybank, the future water savings are expected to decrease under all the weather conditions through both the considered climate projections. For the far inner location, Oxley, the water savings are likely to decrease in the dry year, whereas in wet year, they are likely to increase. Also, it was found that the overall average relationship of SI–water saving efficiency is steeper for ACCESS 1.0 projected data compared to that produced through CSIRO-Mk3.6 data, and that significant differences exist among individual relationships for each location. The overall reliabilities calculated through the model projected data show lower values compared to the reliabilities calculated using historical data. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Climate Change Impacts on Hydrologic Variables across Timescales and Spatial Scale)
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37 pages, 51596 KiB  
Article
Characterization of Water Bodies through Hydro-Physical Indices and Anthropogenic Effects in the Eastern Northeast of Brazil
by Christopher Horvath Scheibel, Astrogilda Batista do Nascimento, George do Nascimento Araújo Júnior, Alexsandro Claudio dos Santos Almeida, Thieres George Freire da Silva, José Lucas Pereira da Silva, Francisco Bento da Silva Junior, Josivalter Araújo de Farias, João Pedro Alves de Souza Santos, José Francisco de Oliveira-Júnior, Jhon Lennon Bezerra da Silva, Fernando Manuel João, Alex Santos de Deus, Iêdo Teodoro, Henrique Fonseca Elias de Oliveira and Marcos Vinícius da Silva
Climate 2024, 12(9), 150; https://doi.org/10.3390/cli12090150 - 23 Sep 2024
Viewed by 1577
Abstract
Brazil, despite possessing the largest renewable freshwater reserves in the world (8.65 trillion m3 annually), faces growing challenges in water management due to increasing demand. Agriculture, responsible for 68.4% of water consumption, is one of the main drivers of this demand, especially [...] Read more.
Brazil, despite possessing the largest renewable freshwater reserves in the world (8.65 trillion m3 annually), faces growing challenges in water management due to increasing demand. Agriculture, responsible for 68.4% of water consumption, is one of the main drivers of this demand, especially in the São Francisco River Basin, where irrigation accounts for 81% of total water withdrawals. Water bodies play a crucial role in sustaining ecosystems and supporting life, particularly along the East-West axis of Alagoas, a water-rich region in the ENEB. This study aimed to map and quantify the spatiotemporal variations of water bodies in the ENEB region and assess the impacts of human activities using MODIS satellite data, applying hydrological indices such as NDWI, MNDWI, and AWEI. Between 2003 and 2022, significant variations in the extent of water bodies were observed, with reductions of up to 100 km2 during dry periods and expansions of up to 300 km2 during wet seasons compared to dry periods. AWEI and MNDWI proved to be the most effective indices for detecting water bodies with MODIS data, providing accurate insights into water dynamics. Additionally, the MapBiomas Rios dataset, despite being resampled from a 30 m to a 500 m resolution, offered the most accurate representation of water bodies due to its methodology for data acquisition. Changes in albedo and surface temperature were also detected, highlighting the influence of climate change on the region’s water resources. These findings are crucial for guiding the sustainable management of water resources, not only in Alagoas but also in other regions of Brazil and similar semi-arid areas around the world. The study demonstrates the hydrological variability in the state of Alagoas, indicating the need for adaptive strategies to mitigate the impacts of climate change and anthropogenic pressures, supporting the need for informed decision-making in water resource management at both local and national levels. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Climate Change Impacts on Hydrologic Variables across Timescales and Spatial Scale)
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19 pages, 8666 KiB  
Article
Analysis of Hydrometeorological Trends and Drought Severity in Water-Demanding Mediterranean Islands under Climate Change Conditions
by Efthymia Stathi, Aristeidis Kastridis and Dimitrios Myronidis
Climate 2023, 11(5), 106; https://doi.org/10.3390/cli11050106 - 15 May 2023
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 2472
Abstract
Global climate change has emerged as a problem in recent years, and its effects will likely continue to increase in the future. Several scientific studies conducted in the Mediterranean region have demonstrated relatively stationary trends for annual precipitation and significant upward trends for [...] Read more.
Global climate change has emerged as a problem in recent years, and its effects will likely continue to increase in the future. Several scientific studies conducted in the Mediterranean region have demonstrated relatively stationary trends for annual precipitation and significant upward trends for mean annual temperature. These trends present several implications, especially in the Greek islands that serve as major summer tourist destinations where the population is already unable to meet their water demands. The aim of this study is to investigate both long- and short-term variations in temperature and precipitation on three Greek islands in the Mediterranean Sea (Mykonos, Naxos, and Kos). The temperature and rainfall trends, as well as their magnitudes at yearly, seasonal, and monthly time steps, were determined using the non-parametric Mann–Kendall trend test. The Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) was employed to identify the drought periods. According to the results, precipitation slightly increased (almost stationary) in the three islands, although this rise was not statistically significant. All three islands experienced a sharp and statistically significant increase in their mean annual air temperatures. The region may experience drought episodes as a result of the high temperature increase, which would drastically reduce the amount of water, available for use due to the increased evapotranspiration. For the Mediterranean region, the necessity for a drought management strategy to stop or diminish the severity of drought episodes and their effects has grown into a matter of great concern. It is crucial to take measures and conduct relevant research in order to create the conditions for adaptation and mitigation of climate change consequences and the increased appearance of drought phenomena. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Climate Change Impacts on Hydrologic Variables across Timescales and Spatial Scale)
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