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Molecular Research on Free Radicals and Oxidative Stress—2nd Edition

A special issue of Current Issues in Molecular Biology (ISSN 1467-3045). This special issue belongs to the section "Biochemistry, Molecular and Cellular Biology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 October 2026 | Viewed by 1404

Special Issue Editor

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Oxidative stress is a condition characterized by an imbalance between unstable reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and the body's antioxidant defense mechanisms. Free radicals, which include superoxide radicals (O2•−), hydroxyl radicals (•OH), and peroxyl radicals (ROO•), as well as reactive nitrogen species (RNS) such as nitric oxide (•NO) and nitrogen dioxide (•NO2), are highly reactive molecules with unpaired electrons that play a pivotal role in oxidative stress by damaging cellular components, such as lipids, proteins, and DNA.

Various environmental factors, such as radiation exposure, obesity, smoking, pollution, alcohol consumption, dietary habits, and lifestyle, contribute to the generation of free radicals, exacerbating oxidative stress and disrupting the physiological antioxidant defense system. While some free radicals play important roles in physiological processes, such as cell signaling and immune responses, their excessive accumulation can lead to oxidative stress and damage to cellular components, contributing to various diseases and aging processes, including neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, atherosclerosis, diabetes, infertility, and fibrosis.

At the molecular level, the mechanisms driving oxidative-induced cellular dysfunction are complex and include mitochondrial damage, autophagy, mitophagy, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and apoptosis. However, the intricate interactions among these mechanisms, especially in metabolic diseases, are not fully understood.

Folllowing the success of the first edition, for the second edition of this Special Issue, we invite the submission of original research articles and reviews elucidating the role of oxidative stress and unravelling the underlying molecular mechanisms. We hope to advance our understanding of oxidative stress-related pathologies and pave the way for innovative therapeutic strategies.

Dr. Mosharraf Sarker
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Current Issues in Molecular Biology is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • oxidative stress
  • free radicals
  • reactive oxygen species (ROS)
  • gene regulation
  • antioxidants
  • mitochondrial dysfunction
  • insulin resistance
  • inflammation
  • autophagy

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Review

35 pages, 635 KB  
Review
Redox-Regulated Mitophagy and Lysosomal Dysfunction as a Convergent Mechanism in Female Infertility: Molecular Insights and Therapeutic Perspectives
by Charalampos Voros, Fotios Chatzinikolaou, Georgios Papadimas, Athanasios Karpouzos, Ioannis Papapanagiotou, Aristotelis-Marios Koulakmanidis, Diamantis Athanasiou, Kyriakos Bananis, Antonia Athanasiou, Aikaterini Athanasiou, Charalampos Tsimpoukelis, Maria Anastasia Daskalaki, Christina Trakateli, Nana Kojo Koranteng, Nikolaos Thomakos, Panagiotis Antsaklis, Dimitrios Loutradis and Georgios Daskalakis
Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2026, 48(4), 429; https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb48040429 - 21 Apr 2026
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Abstract
Conventional hormonal and clinical models inadequately clarify the complex and diverse aspects of female infertility, resulting in poor reproductive outcomes and reduced egg viability. A growing body of research indicates that female reproductive failure is mostly due to disruptions in cellular homeostasis, especially [...] Read more.
Conventional hormonal and clinical models inadequately clarify the complex and diverse aspects of female infertility, resulting in poor reproductive outcomes and reduced egg viability. A growing body of research indicates that female reproductive failure is mostly due to disruptions in cellular homeostasis, especially concerning organelle quality control. Oxidative stress has emerged as a crucial mediator connecting metabolic, inflammatory, and ageing-related processes to ovarian failure, however its downstream impacts on intracellular organelle turnover remain insufficiently clarified. Our narrative review encapsulates the existing data for a unified pathogenic concept focused on the redox-regulated mitochondria–lysosome axis. We examine the interaction of oxidative stress, mitochondrial malfunction, compromised mitophagy, and lysosomal deficiency in granulosa cells and oocytes. Prolonged oxidative stress may disrupt this equilibrium, leading to defective mitochondria accumulation and impaired mitophagy. This self-perpetuating cycle may ultimately jeopardises reproductive viability and oocyte integrity. The integrated axis offers a shared molecular foundation for various infertility-related diseases, such as inadequate ovarian response, obesity-associated infertility, polycystic ovary syndrome, and ovarian ageing. Ultimately, we analyse new findings suggesting that specific antioxidant chemicals modify mitophagy and lysosomal function while also neutralising reactive oxygen species, highlighting their potential use in precision fertility treatments. Our research redefines female infertility as a condition of redox-dependent organelle quality control, thereby introducing novel avenues for identifying biomarkers, categorising patients, and targeting treatments in assisted reproduction. Full article
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20 pages, 1437 KB  
Review
Role of Main Red Seaweed Bioactive Compounds in Modulating Redox Imbalance and Cholinergic Dysfunction: Insights from In Vitro Assays
by João Ferreira, Mário Pacheco, Amélia M. Silva and Isabel Gaivão
Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2026, 48(2), 190; https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb48020190 - 7 Feb 2026
Viewed by 655
Abstract
Oxidative and nitrosative stress are key contributors to the development and progression of chronic inflammatory disorders, cancer and neurodegenerative diseases (viz., Alzheimer’s disease). Cholinergic dysfunction is a major hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease and is closely associated with these processes. Red seaweeds are rich [...] Read more.
Oxidative and nitrosative stress are key contributors to the development and progression of chronic inflammatory disorders, cancer and neurodegenerative diseases (viz., Alzheimer’s disease). Cholinergic dysfunction is a major hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease and is closely associated with these processes. Red seaweeds are rich in bioactive compounds that have been increasingly investigated for their potential to modulate these processes. This review aims to examine the role of major red seaweed-derived metabolites in regulating redox imbalance, immunomodulatory capacity and acetylcholinesterase activity, with emphasis on in vitro studies. An analysis of peer-reviewed literature was conducted, focusing on chemical, biochemical and cell-based assays. Studies assessed antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory and immunostimulatory effects, and acetylcholinesterase inhibition of isolated compounds/fractions of red seaweed using established methods, including radical scavenging assays, Griess-based nitrite assay and enzyme inhibition assays. Sulfated polysaccharides, oligosaccharides, mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs), phycoerythrin, bromophenols, phlorotannin and terpenoid-derived metabolites demonstrated antioxidant capacity through radical scavenging, metal chelation and modulation of endogenous antioxidants. They also modulated inflammatory mediators, including nitric oxide and pro-inflammatory cytokines, and inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. In vitro evidence supports red seaweed-derived compounds as promising modulators of redox homeostasis, inflammation and cholinergic function, highlighting their relevance as functional food ingredients, while underscoring the need for in vivo and clinical validation. Full article
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