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Molecular Mechanisms, Diet and Therapeutic Interventions in Neurological Disorders

A Special Issue of Current Issues in Molecular Biology (ISSN 1467-3045) belonging to the section "Molecular Medicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2026 | Viewed by 2681

Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine, and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
Interests: alzheimer; neurodegeneration; nutrition; neurobiology; neuroprotection

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Neurological disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and other neurodegenerative conditions, are characterized by complex molecular changes involving inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired proteostasis, and metabolic imbalance. Emerging evidence suggests that diet and targeted nutritional interventions can influence several of these pathogenic pathways, affecting neuronal resilience and systemic bioenergetics. Specifically, dietary patterns such as the Mediterranean diet and fasting-mimicking regimens show promise in modulating oxidative stress, insulin signalling, autophagy, and neuroinflammatory processes. Advances in high-sensitivity plasma biomarkers now allow for more accurate assessment of the molecular effects of nutritional and lifestyle interventions during early disease stages. This Special Issue will compile frontier research exploring the molecular mechanisms linking diet, metabolism, and neurodegeneration, with a focus on translational biomarkers and therapeutic options. We invite original research articles, reviews, and methodological studies that examine how dietary strategies and metabolic interventions can aid prevention, early detection, and disease modification in neurological disorders.

Dr. Giulia Accardi
Dr. Francesco Cacciabaudo
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • neurodegeneration
  • metabolic interventions
  • intermittent fasting
  • Mediterranean diet
  • molecular biomarkers
  • neuroinflammation
  • mitochondrial dysfunction
  • precision nutrition

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 1710 KB  
Article
Probing the Effects of N-Acetylglucosamine and Diazepam Combination on Oxidative Stress and Epileptogenesis-Associated Genes in Murine Brain
by Abigail M. Akhigbemen, Justice Osemede, Elohor E. Okpakpor, David C. Orji, Israel O. Bolanle and Raymond I. Ozolua
Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2026, 48(4), 385; https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb48040385 - 9 Apr 2026
Viewed by 970
Abstract
A body of evidence suggests that upregulating O-GlcNAcylation, a reversible post-translational modification of serine and threonine residues on target proteins, is beneficial in neurological diseases. However, this phenomenon is currently underexplored in the pharmacotherapy of epilepsy. Therefore, we aimed to explore the [...] Read more.
A body of evidence suggests that upregulating O-GlcNAcylation, a reversible post-translational modification of serine and threonine residues on target proteins, is beneficial in neurological diseases. However, this phenomenon is currently underexplored in the pharmacotherapy of epilepsy. Therefore, we aimed to explore the potential effects of combining N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc), a precursor for O-GlcNAcylation, and a centrally acting benzodiazepine (diazepam) on oxidative stress, a known driver of epilepsy, and some epileptogenesis-associated genes. Mice (n = 10) were randomly assigned to treatment groups and treated with varied oral doses (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) of GlcNAc in combination with diazepam (1 mg/kg) for 14 days. Following this, seizure was chemically induced with 70 mg/kg pentylenetetrazol intraperitoneally. Brains of treated mice were excised for antioxidant assays and to determine the expression of genes associated with epileptogenesis: potassium chloride co-transporter (KCC4), interleukin (IL-6), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Our findings suggest that GlcNAc, when concurrently administered with diazepam, prevents oxidative stress and reduces the gene expression of IL-6, a cytokine associated with neuroinflammation and seizures, whilst increasing the gene expression of KCC4, an ion co-transporter that promotes antiepileptogenesis. Full article
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Review

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19 pages, 989 KB  
Review
Exploring Early Neurodegeneration Through Fasting-Induced Metabolic Signatures and High-Sensitivity Biomarkers
by Francesco Cacciabaudo, Luisa Agnello, Caterina Maria Gambino, Giulia Accardi, Anna Masucci, Martina Tamburello, Roberta Vassallo and Marcello Ciaccio
Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2026, 48(4), 358; https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb48040358 - 28 Mar 2026
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Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are increasingly considered neurometabolic disorders driven by early mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation, and synaptic alterations that precede clinical symptoms. This review summarises pre-clinical and experimental evidence suggesting that intermittent fasting (IF) may influence these early pathogenic processes by promoting metabolic switching, [...] Read more.
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are increasingly considered neurometabolic disorders driven by early mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation, and synaptic alterations that precede clinical symptoms. This review summarises pre-clinical and experimental evidence suggesting that intermittent fasting (IF) may influence these early pathogenic processes by promoting metabolic switching, enhancing autophagy and mitochondrial quality control, and modulating neuroimmune pathways. We discuss recent advances in biomarker research supporting the early detection of neurodegenerative changes, including ultrasensitive analytical platforms that can identify neuronal, glial, and synaptic injury during preclinical stages. By integrating these biomarker developments with findings from human and experimental intermittent fasting studies, we highlight how high-sensitivity assays provide quantifiable insights into the neurometabolic effects of fasting. Furthermore, we discuss how precision nutrition strategies incorporating multimarker panels, phenotypic and epigenetic signatures, and longitudinal multi-omics profiling may facilitate personalised intermittent fasting protocols and improve monitoring of biological responses. Overall, these findings underscore the relevance of a clinical biochemistry perspective integrating advanced biomarker technologies to evaluate the neurometabolic effects of intermittent fasting as a potential early neuroprotective strategy for individuals at risk of neurodegeneration. Full article
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