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Mental Disorder: Focus on Pathogenesis to Treatment

A special issue of Current Issues in Molecular Biology (ISSN 1467-3045). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Medicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 August 2025 | Viewed by 892

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Psychiatry Unit, Policlinico University Hospital "G. Rodolico-San Marco", 95123 Catania, Italy
Interests: complementary alternative medicine; neuroplasticity; non invasive brain stimulation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The etiology of mental disorders is multifactorial, involving a complex interplay of genetic, neurobiological, environmental, and psychological factors. Previous studies have identified numerous risk-conferring gene variants and polygenic risk scores associated with neurodevelopmental, neurotransmitter, and synaptic pathways. Neurobiological factors include dysregulations in neurotransmitter systems, structural/functional brain abnormalities, and neuroendocrine disturbances. Neuroimaging techniques have revealed alterations in regions like the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and amygdala. Prenatal insults, childhood adversity, stressful life events, and socioeconomic disadvantages increase vulnerability through mechanisms such as hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis dysfunction, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Psychological factors like maladaptive coping strategies and personality traits modulate illness trajectories. Environmental exposures like toxins further exacerbate risk. Elucidating these complex pathways is crucial for developing personalized prevention, diagnostic, and therapeutic strategies tailored to individual risk profiles.

Dr. Carmen Concerto
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • mental disorders
  • neurobiological
  • oxidative stress
  • neuroinflammation
  • gene variants

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

14 pages, 274 KiB  
Article
A Comparison of the Treatment Effects of a Risperidone Solution, an Equal Ratio of DHA/ARA, and a Larger Ratio of Omega-6 PUFA Added to Omega-3 PUFA: An Open-Label Clinical Trial
by Kunio Yui and George Imataka
Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2025, 47(3), 184; https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb47030184 - 12 Mar 2025
Viewed by 505
Abstract
We aimed to assess the efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of an oral risperidone solution and two types of supplementations with PUFAs. We assigned 39 participants with mild ASD (mean age ± standard deviation = 14.6 ± 6.0 years) to three treatment groups (each [...] Read more.
We aimed to assess the efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of an oral risperidone solution and two types of supplementations with PUFAs. We assigned 39 participants with mild ASD (mean age ± standard deviation = 14.6 ± 6.0 years) to three treatment groups (each n = 13): RIS-OS; equal doses of 240 mg of omega-3 PUFA docosahexaenoic acid and omega-6 PUFA arachidonic acid (1:1) (aravita); and omega-6 precursor linoleic acid (480 mg) and omega-3 precursor alpha-linolenic acid (120 mg) (4:1) (awake). The primary outcome was the Autism Diagnostic Interview—Revised score. The secondary outcomes were the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) and Aberrant Behavior Check scores. The results of the linear mixed-effects model revealed that the RIS-OS group exhibited significant improvement in the SRS subscale scores of social motivation at weeks 8, 12, and 16 compared with the aravita and awake groups, as well as in the SRS subscale score of social mannerisms at weeks 12 and 16 compared with the aravita group. Moreover, the RIS-OS group showed a trend towards significantly lower plasma ceruloplasmin (Cp) levels. Their plasma insulin-like growth factor (IGF) levels were significantly higher at week 8 than in the subsequent weeks. The high Cp and IGF levels may be attributed to reduced neuroinflammation. These findings demonstrate, firstly, that reduced inflammation through increased anti-inflammatory proteins such as Cp and IGF has clinical effects on the motivation–reward system and mannerisms in patients with ASD through the amelioration of dopamine D2, 5-HT2a, and 5-HT2b dysfunction. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mental Disorder: Focus on Pathogenesis to Treatment)
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