Pediatric Asthma and Allergic Diseases: New Insights and Therapeutic Approaches

A special issue of Children (ISSN 2227-9067). This special issue belongs to the section "Pediatric Allergy and Immunology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 May 2026) | Viewed by 1837

Editor


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Guest Editor
Division of Pulmonology, Allergy & Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Nebraska, Omaha, NE 68114, USA
Interests: asthma; allergic rhinitis; chronic sinusitis; food allergy; atopic dermatitis; eosinophilic esophagitis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Asthma and allergic diseases are common medical problems in the pediatric population. The rise in eosinophilic esophagitis as a relatively new disease highlights the complex interaction of genetics and the environment in inducing the development of a new allergic phenomenon.

Asthma, especially, along with all the other allergic diseases are rapidly being transformed into well-controlled and possibly developing remission using biologics. Evidence suggests biologics can postpone or stop the development of second or third allergic processes.

Less understood is non-allergic asthma in children, and its origins, therapy options and natural history. New investigations in small airway asthma using imaging, especially, and other non-invasive pulmonary testing, such as impulse oscillometry, are much less investigated in children and adolescents compared to adults.

Allergic rhinitis remains a large economic and population burden, especially in developed countries. Yet, a one-hundred-year-old therapy is still considered the mainstay.

Eosinophilic esophagitis and atopic dermatitis share common pathophysiology, and the utilization of biologics has revolutionized the therapy of these diseases. However, biologics are reserved for the most difficult cases and possess ambiguities pertaining to dosing and length of therapy that are not well reported from real-world observations.

These are a few of the many questions and circumstances facing medical providers and allergic disease specialists, which invites considerable continued investigation and medical reporting.

Thus, the Special Editor of the Allergy and Asthma Section seeks relevant publications on any of these or other pertinent allergy topics.

Prof. Dr. Russell Hopp
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • pediatric
  • asthma
  • allergic diseases
  • eosinophilic esophagitis
  • atopic dermatitis
  • allergic rhinitis

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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16 pages, 858 KB  
Article
Respiratory Pathogens and Clinical Characteristics of Asthma Exacerbations in Hospitalized Children at a Tertiary Hospital in Türkiye
by Enes Çelik and Hande Yüksel Bulut
Children 2026, 13(7), 853; https://doi.org/10.3390/children13070853 (registering DOI) - 25 Jun 2026
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Respiratory pathogens are frequently detected during asthma exacerbations in children. This study aimed to evaluate the distribution of respiratory pathogens, associated clinical features, and factors related to severe exacerbation in children hospitalized for asthma exacerbations during a two-year period. Methods: [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Respiratory pathogens are frequently detected during asthma exacerbations in children. This study aimed to evaluate the distribution of respiratory pathogens, associated clinical features, and factors related to severe exacerbation in children hospitalized for asthma exacerbations during a two-year period. Methods: This retrospective observational study included children aged 1–18 years hospitalized for asthma exacerbation between April 2023 and April 2025. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, and pathogen data were retrospectively obtained from medical records and analyzed. Results: A total of 312 children were included; 135 patients (43.3%) were female, and the median age was 5.70 years (IQR, 3.42–8.79). A respiratory pathogen was detected in 235 patients (75.3%). Among patients with single infections (n = 203), rhinovirus (RV) was the most common pathogen (n = 130), followed by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (n = 18). Compared with RSV infection, RV infection was associated with higher frequencies of allergic rhinitis and aeroallergen sensitization, as well as higher neutrophil and eosinophil counts and higher total IgE levels. RV was detected throughout the year, peaking in autumn, whereas RSV occurred predominantly in winter. RSV infection was observed in younger children and was associated with more frequent severe exacerbations in unadjusted comparisons; however, only younger age and moderate-to-severe asthma remained independently associated with severe exacerbation in multivariable analysis. Conclusions: Respiratory pathogens were detected in most children hospitalized for asthma exacerbation, with RV being the predominant pathogen. Younger age and moderate-to-severe asthma were the main factors associated with severe exacerbation. Full article
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15 pages, 825 KB  
Systematic Review
Impedance Pneumography for Diagnosing and Monitoring Asthma in Young Children: A Systematic Review
by Sama-Rafie Hammod, Fanny Kullberg, Marie Hauerslev, Kirsten Skamstrup Hansen and Bo Chawes
Children 2026, 13(2), 193; https://doi.org/10.3390/children13020193 - 29 Jan 2026
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Abstract
Background: Impedance pneumography (IP) is a non-invasive technique for assessing tidal breathing in young children and enables home-based recordings without active patient cooperation. By deriving tidal breathing flow–volume (TBFV) curves and indices such as the expiratory variability index (EVI), IP has been proposed [...] Read more.
Background: Impedance pneumography (IP) is a non-invasive technique for assessing tidal breathing in young children and enables home-based recordings without active patient cooperation. By deriving tidal breathing flow–volume (TBFV) curves and indices such as the expiratory variability index (EVI), IP has been proposed as a tool for identifying obstructive breathing patterns and monitoring airway function in early childhood. However, its clinical role in asthma and wheezing disorders has not been systematically evaluated. This review aimed to assess the evidence of IP in differentiating healthy children from those with asthma or recurrent wheeze, in reflecting treatment-related changes or acute bronchial obstruction, and in relation to other lung function tests. Methods: A systematic literature search of PubMed, Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Library databases was conducted on 5 January 2026. Original studies using IP in children aged 0–7 years with asthma or wheeze were eligible. Study selection followed PRISMA guidelines, and risk of bias (RoB) was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS). Due to substantial heterogeneity in study design, populations, and outcome measures, results were synthesized narratively. Results: Five studies were included, with a total of 376 participants aged 0.5–7.0 years. Three studies reported significantly lower EVI values and TBFV profile variation in children with asthma or recurrent wheeze compared with healthy controls. Two studies found an association between EVI and markers of airway obstruction. Changes in IP measures following inhaled corticosteroid treatment or medication withdrawal were reported, suggesting sensitivity to treatment-related changes. However, study quality was moderate to low, with small sample sizes, heterogeneous outcome definitions, and limited diagnostic validation. Conclusions: Current evidence suggests that IP-derived indices, particularly EVI, capture clinically relevant features of obstructive breathing patterns in young children and may be useful for longitudinal monitoring of airway function. However, evidence supporting a diagnostic role for IP in childhood asthma remains limited. Larger, independent, and methodologically robust studies are needed before IP can be integrated into routine clinical practice. Full article
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