Childhood Atopic Dermatitis: Diagnosis, Treatment and Management

A special issue of Children (ISSN 2227-9067). This special issue belongs to the section "Pediatric Dermatology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 March 2026) | Viewed by 1619

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Dermatology, Universitatsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
Interests: atopic dermatitis; pediatric dermatology; exanthems in childhood parasitoses
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Atopic dermatitis (AD), also known as atopic eczema and endogenous eczema, is the most common inflammatory skin disease in childhood. This systemic disease is characterized by stigmatized lesions and intense itching, resulting in sleep loss and impaired quality of life. This Special Issue will focus on pathogenesis and clinical signs related to different age groups in childhood; in addition, it will provide updates on therapy and prevention measures. New insights have recently been acquired, particularly through barrier and immunological research, and have informed preventive measures. We welcome submissions covering the following topics:

  1. Epidemiology in childhood atopic dermatitis;
  2. Pathogenetic aspects;
  3. Age-dependent clinical signs and differential diagnoses;
  4. Therapeutic options;
  5. Preventive measures.

We welcome submissions of original research studies on childhood atopic dermatitis or inflammatory skin disease for this Special Issue.

Prof. Dr. Regina Fölster-Holst
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • childhood atopic dermatitis
  • impaired quality of life
  • pruritus
  • biologics
  • JAK-inhibitors
  • prevention

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

10 pages, 253 KB  
Article
Real-World Treatment Patterns and Determinants of Therapy in Pediatric Atopic Dermatitis: A 10-Year Experience from a Tertiary Referral Center in Thailand
by Nuttida Yusakda, Leelawadee Techasatian, Piyadarat Asawasakulchokedee, Rattapon Uppala, Phanthila Sitthikarnkha, Suchaorn Saengnipanthkul, Prapassara Sirikarn and Pope Kosalaraksa
Children 2026, 13(3), 385; https://doi.org/10.3390/children13030385 - 9 Mar 2026
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Abstract
Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease in children requiring long-term management, yet real-world data on treatment patterns remain limited. Objective: To evaluate treatment trends and factors associated with topical non-steroidal medication use in pediatric AD. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed [...] Read more.
Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease in children requiring long-term management, yet real-world data on treatment patterns remain limited. Objective: To evaluate treatment trends and factors associated with topical non-steroidal medication use in pediatric AD. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 3982 children with AD treated at a tertiary referral center in Thailand between 2015 and 2024. Demographic data, healthcare coverage, and prescribed treatments were reviewed. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with topical non-steroidal use. Results: The median age was 7 years, with no sex difference. The most commonly prescribed treatments were antihistamines (75.0%), topical corticosteroids (47.6%), moisturizers (43.9%), systemic immunosuppressants (15.7%), topical non-steroidal agents including topical calcineurin inhibitors, phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors, and Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors (12.7%), and biologics (0.1%). Moderate-potency corticosteroids predominated. Adolescents were less likely to receive topical non-steroidal agents than infants (OR 0.66, 95% CI 0.50–0.87), whereas patients under the Civil Servant Medical Benefit Scheme (CSMBS) had higher access than those under the Universal Coverage Scheme (UCS) (OR 8.40, 95% CI 5.76–12.25). Conclusions: Pediatric AD management was dominated by conventional therapies, with limited access to advanced treatments. Age and healthcare coverage strongly influenced prescribing patterns, highlighting the need for more equitable access. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Childhood Atopic Dermatitis: Diagnosis, Treatment and Management)
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17 pages, 1065 KB  
Article
Impact of Atopic Dermatitis on the Quality of Life of Children in Ethiopia: A Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study
by Abraham Getachew Kelbore, Wendemagegn Enbiale, Jacqueline M. van Wyk, Efa Ambaw Bogino, Aldo Morrone and Anisa Mosam
Children 2026, 13(2), 201; https://doi.org/10.3390/children13020201 - 31 Jan 2026
Viewed by 734
Abstract
Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, pruritic and relapsing inflammatory skin disorder affecting children’s quality of life (QoL). Despite rising global prevalence, data on its impact on QoL in low-resource settings remain limited. This study aimed to assess the impact of AD [...] Read more.
Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, pruritic and relapsing inflammatory skin disorder affecting children’s quality of life (QoL). Despite rising global prevalence, data on its impact on QoL in low-resource settings remain limited. This study aimed to assess the impact of AD and associated factors on the QoL of children and assesses the effect of educational intervention in Ethiopia. Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted among 461 AD children and their caregivers across four randomly selected hospitals dermatology clinics in Ethiopia from October 2022 to March 2024. Assessments included AD Severity using Scoring Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD), Infants’ Dermatitis Quality of Life Index (IDLQI) for children aged 0–4, and Children’s Dermatology Life Quality Index (CDLQI) for children aged 5 to 16. Participants received educational guidance from trained nurses during follow-up beyond routine AD treatment. Trained personnel collected clinical and sociodemographic data. AD severity and QoL were reassessed after 6 months. Descriptive, univariate, and linear regression analyses identified factors influencing QoL, with associations reported as odds ratios (95% CI) and significance set at p < 0.05. Results: Of 461 children, 424 (92%) completed follow-up. Most were under five (67%) with a median age of 3 years; 72.2% had AD onset before age two. Most caregivers were female (68.9%). After six months, clinical signs of AD, including dryness, erythema, excoriation, and lichenification, improved notably. Mild AD increased by 33.5%, while moderate and severe cases decreased by 17.5% and 16%, respectively. QoL significantly improved across all domains (p = 0.001). Baseline disease severity (β = 0.11), change in severity (ΔSCORAD) (β = 0.043), number of dependents (β = −0.71), and age at disease onset (β = 0.005) as significant predictors of QoL. Conclusions: AD significantly impairs QoL in Ethiopian children, with greater severity causing more disruption. Routine treatments with educational interventions significantly improve disease severity and QoL. Integrated clinical and psychosocial care approaches for pediatric AD are crucial in resource-limited settings. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Childhood Atopic Dermatitis: Diagnosis, Treatment and Management)
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