Interplay Between Intestinal Bacteria and Epigenetic Markers in Pathogenesis of Metabolic and Neuropsychiatric Disorders

A special issue of Cells (ISSN 2073-4409). This special issue belongs to the section "Cells of the Nervous System".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2025 | Viewed by 714

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
Interests: gut microbiome; epigenetic marks; metabolic diseases; neuropsychiatric disorders; probiotics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Environmental exposures such as microbes, diet, and pharmaceuticals play a key role in the development and progression of various diseases, particularly metabolic and neuropsychiatric disorders. The complexity of these conditions stems from the interplay between the gut microbiota, their metabolites, host genetics, epigenetics, and the immune system. Recent studies highlight that microbiota-derived metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids, can modulate epigenetic mechanisms by inhibiting histone deacetylases (HDACs) and altering DNA methylation. These metabolites influence gene expression and impact diverse physiological processes, including immune maturation, immune homeostasis, mucosal barrier integrity, host energy metabolism, and the function of body organs like the brain. This Cells Special Issue will focus on the latest advances in research into the interplay between intestinal bacteria and epigenetic markers in disease pathogenesis. Research papers and reviews examining how diet, bioactive compounds, environmental factors, or how microbiome-based therapies influence health outcomes via epigenetic modulation are welcome. Studies exploring mechanistic links between microbial communities and host gene regulation are also encouraged. By assembling interdisciplinary contributions, this issue aims to advance our understanding of microbiome–epigenome interactions and highlight novel therapeutic opportunities in precision medicine.

Dr. Shabnam Nohesara
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • gut microbiome
  • epigenetic marks
  • metabolic diseases
  • neuropsychiatric disorders
  • probiotics
  • prebiotics
  • postbiotics
  • indole derivatives
  • epigeneic metabolites

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

28 pages, 933 KiB  
Review
Therapeutic Horizons: Gut Microbiome, Neuroinflammation, and Epigenetics in Neuropsychiatric Disorders
by Shabnam Nohesara, Hamid Mostafavi Abdolmaleky, Ahmad Pirani and Sam Thiagalingam
Cells 2025, 14(13), 1027; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells14131027 - 4 Jul 2025
Viewed by 581
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a hallmark of many neuropsychiatric disorders (NPD), which are among the leading causes of disability worldwide. Emerging evidence highlights the significant role of the gut microbiota (GM)–immune system–brain axis in neuroinflammation and the pathogenesis of NPD, primarily through epigenetic mechanisms. Gut [...] Read more.
Neuroinflammation is a hallmark of many neuropsychiatric disorders (NPD), which are among the leading causes of disability worldwide. Emerging evidence highlights the significant role of the gut microbiota (GM)–immune system–brain axis in neuroinflammation and the pathogenesis of NPD, primarily through epigenetic mechanisms. Gut microbes and their metabolites influence immune cell activity and brain function, thereby contributing to neuroinflammation and the development and progression of NPD. The enteric nervous system, the autonomic nervous system, neuroendocrine signaling, and the immune system all participate in bidirectional communication between the gut and the brain. Importantly, the interaction of each of these systems with the GM influences epigenetic pathways. Here, we first explore the intricate relationship among intestinal microbes, microbial metabolites, and immune cell activity, with a focus on epigenetic mechanisms involved in NPD pathogenesis. Next, we provide background information on the association between inflammation and epigenetic aberrations in the context of NPD. Additionally, we review emerging therapeutic strategies—such as prebiotics, probiotics, methyl-rich diets, ketogenic diet, and medications—that may modulate the GM–immune system–brain axis via epigenetic regulation for the prevention or treatment of NPD. Finally, we discuss the challenges and future directions in investigating the critical role of this axis in mental health. Full article
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