Regulation of Blood-Brain Barrier in Health and Disease

A special issue of Cells (ISSN 2073-4409). This special issue belongs to the section "Cellular Pathology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 January 2024) | Viewed by 2044

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Pediatrics, Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02905, USA
Interests: blood-brain barrier function; cell death; drug discovery; neuroinflammation; neuroprotective strategy; perinatal brain injury

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a complex system that regulates the exchange of molecules between the brain and the bloodstream. The development and maintenance of the BBB are essential for the normal functioning of the central nervous system. The regulation of the BBB is important in both health and disease. In particular, changes in the permeability of the BBB have been implicated in a range of neurological conditions, including neurodegenerative diseases, traumatic brain injury, and perinatal brain injury. Understanding the regulation of the BBB and the mechanisms underlying BBB dysfunction is therefore essential for developing new therapeutic strategies for these conditions.

Several key factors contribute to the regulation of the BBB, including the neurovascular unit, which includes neurons, glial cells (astrocytes and microglia), pericytes, the microvasculature, and junction proteins such as tight junctions and gap junctions. In addition, the neuroimmune axis, which is the interplay between the immune system and the central nervous system, plays a crucial role in maintaining the integrity of the BBB.

The BBB's ability to restrict drug and molecule transport into the brain presents a challenge in developing therapies for neurological diseases. Understanding the BBB's regulation of transport mechanisms and identifying therapeutic targets is crucial for drug development.

In summary, understanding the regulation of the BBB is crucial for maintaining brain homeostasis and developing therapies for neurological diseases. Targeting the BBB transport mechanisms and neurovascular unit, as well as modulating the neuroimmune axis, may provide new opportunities for therapeutic intervention.

Dr. Xiaodi Chen
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • blood–brain barrier development and permeability
  • brain microvascular endothelial cells
  • drug and molecule transports
  • junction proteins
  • neurodegenerative diseases
  • neuroimmune axis, neurovascular unit
  • perinatal and traumatic brain injury
  • perivascular cells
  • therapeutic target

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

20 pages, 1336 KiB  
Review
Recapitulation of Structure–Function–Regulation of Blood–Brain Barrier under (Patho)Physiological Conditions
by Hin Fong, Botao Zhou, Haixiao Feng, Chuoying Luo, Boren Bai, John Zhang and Yuechun Wang
Cells 2024, 13(3), 260; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells13030260 - 30 Jan 2024
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Abstract
The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a remarkable and intricate barrier that controls the exchange of molecules between the bloodstream and the brain. Its role in maintaining the stability of the central nervous system cannot be overstated. Over the years, advancements in neuroscience and [...] Read more.
The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a remarkable and intricate barrier that controls the exchange of molecules between the bloodstream and the brain. Its role in maintaining the stability of the central nervous system cannot be overstated. Over the years, advancements in neuroscience and technology have enabled us to delve into the cellular and molecular components of the BBB, as well as its regulation. Yet, there is a scarcity of comprehensive reviews that follow a logical framework of structure–function–regulation, particularly focusing on the nuances of BBB regulation under both normal and pathological conditions. This review sets out to address this gap by taking a historical perspective on the discovery of the BBB and highlighting the major observations that led to its recognition as a distinct brain barrier. It explores the intricate cellular elements contributing to the formation of the BBB, including endothelial cells, pericytes, astrocytes, and neurons, emphasizing their collective role in upholding the integrity and functionality of the BBB. Furthermore, the review delves into the dynamic regulation of the BBB in physiological states, encompassing neural, humoral, and auto-regulatory mechanisms. By shedding light on these regulatory processes, a deeper understanding of the BBB’s response to various physiological cues emerges. This review also investigates the disruption of the BBB integrity under diverse pathological conditions, such as ischemia, infection, and toxin exposure. It elucidates the underlying mechanisms that contribute to BBB dysfunction and explores potential therapeutic strategies that aim to restore the BBB integrity and function. Overall, this recapitulation provides valuable insights into the structure, functions, and regulation of the BBB. By integrating historical perspectives, cellular elements, regulatory mechanisms, and pathological implications, this review contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of the BBB and paves the way for future research and therapeutic interventions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Regulation of Blood-Brain Barrier in Health and Disease)
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