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Cells
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Extracellular Vesicles in Disease Pathogenesis, Therapeutics and Biomarker Discovery
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Extracellular Vesicles in Disease Pathogenesis, Therapeutics and Biomarker Discovery

A special issue of Cells (ISSN 2073-4409). This special issue belongs to the section "Intracellular and Plasma Membranes".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 November 2026 | Viewed by 1834

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Susmita Sil

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Society on Neuroimmune Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
Interests: Alzheimer's disease; Parkinson’s disease; NeuroHIV; substance-use disorder; extracellular vesicles; non-coding RNA
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) are critical mediators of intercellular communication, regulating physiological processes and contributing to disease pathogenesis by transferring proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids between cells and organs. EVs influence cellular signaling, phenotypic plasticity, and tissue homeostasis. Growing evidence highlights their involvement in diverse diseases, including cancer, neurodegeneration, metabolic disorders, and immune dysfunction.

This Special Issue will focus on the cellular and molecular mechanisms governing EV biogenesis, cargo selection, release, and uptake, as well as their functional impact on recipient cells. Additionally, this Issue will also highlight EVs harnessed as therapeutics and for biomarker discovery. We welcome original research and review articles that advance mechanistic insight into EV biology, including EV-mediated signaling pathways, EV-associated biomarkers for disease detection and monitoring, and emerging EV-based therapeutic strategies. Studies employing advanced imaging, omics technologies, and functional assays to elucidate EV biology are particularly encouraged. This collection aims to advance mechanistic understanding of extracellular vesicles and their translational potential within the scope of cellular and molecular biology.

Dr. Susmita Sil
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Cells is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • extracellular vesicles
  • exosomes
  • exomeres
  • apoptotic bodies
  • macrovesicles
  • EV-cargoes
  • EVs as biomarkers
  • EVs in therapy

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Review

49 pages, 8272 KB  
Review
The Role of Oral Pathobionts’ Outer Membrane Vesicles in Cancer Pathology and Therapeutic Development
by Sara Hadjigol, Bansari A. Shah, Negar Yazdani and Neil M. O’Brien-Simpson
Cells 2026, 15(10), 855; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells15100855 - 8 May 2026
Viewed by 719
Abstract
Cancer remains one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide, with increasing recognition of the host microbiome as a modifiable contributor to tumour initiation and progression. Among microbial mediators, outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) derived from Gram-negative oral pathobionts have emerged as critical effectors [...] Read more.
Cancer remains one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide, with increasing recognition of the host microbiome as a modifiable contributor to tumour initiation and progression. Among microbial mediators, outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) derived from Gram-negative oral pathobionts have emerged as critical effectors of host–microbe interactions. These nanoscale vesicles function as delivery systems for a diverse range of bioactive cargo, including virulence factors, lipopolysaccharides, proteins, and nucleic acids, enabling both local and systemic modulation of host cellular processes. Emerging evidence suggests that OMVs produced by oral pathobionts, particularly Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum, are associated with tumour-promoting inflammation, immune dysregulation, epithelial transformation, and metastatic progression. Mechanistically, OMVs have been shown to activate key signalling pathways, disrupt mitochondrial function, induce oxidative stress, and reprogram the tumour microenvironment in ways that favour cancer cell survival and immune evasion. In addition, OMV-mediated modulation of host responses has been linked to resistance to anticancer therapies. In this review, we synthesize current evidence on the role of oral pathobionts’ OMVs in cancer biology, with a focus on their contributions to tumour initiation, progression, and metastasis. We further discuss emerging clinical associations, the potential of OMV-derived components as diagnostic biomarkers, and the growing interest in engineered OMVs as platforms for therapeutic intervention. Finally, we highlight key challenges and knowledge gaps that must be addressed to advance the translational application of OMV-based strategies in oncology. Overall, OMVs represent a promising but still evolving link between the oral microbiome and cancer, offering new insights into disease mechanisms and potential avenues for diagnosis and therapy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Extracellular Vesicles in Disease Pathogenesis, Therapeutics and Biomarker Discovery)
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Graphical abstract

19 pages, 1090 KB  
Review
Exosomes in Myasthenia Gravis—Review
by Krystian Ejdys and Marcin P. Mycko
Cells 2026, 15(8), 679; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells15080679 - 13 Apr 2026
Viewed by 831
Abstract
Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a rare autoimmune disorder characterized by muscle weakness and fatigue, caused by autoantibodies produced by B-cells that target proteins in the postsynaptic membrane of the neuromuscular junction. Clinical manifestations are heterogeneous and may include diplopia, ptosis, dysarthria, dysphagia, and [...] Read more.
Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a rare autoimmune disorder characterized by muscle weakness and fatigue, caused by autoantibodies produced by B-cells that target proteins in the postsynaptic membrane of the neuromuscular junction. Clinical manifestations are heterogeneous and may include diplopia, ptosis, dysarthria, dysphagia, and limb muscle weakness, with severity ranging from mild symptoms to life-threatening myasthenic crisis. Despite advances in diagnostic approaches and the availability of immunomodulatory and biological therapies, there remains a need for an improved understanding of the disease mechanisms and biomarker development in MG. Blood-derived exosomes are small extracellular vesicles that carry proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and glycoconjugates, and are involved in intercellular communication and the transfer of biological material between cells. Circulating exosomes may reflect aspects of cellular and immune status and have been proposed as a minimally invasive source of biomarkers in various diseases. In this review, we summarize current evidence on the potential role of exosomes in MG, with a focus on their involvement in disease-associated processes and their possible utility as biomarkers, as well as directions for future research. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Extracellular Vesicles in Disease Pathogenesis, Therapeutics and Biomarker Discovery)
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