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Cells
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Pluripotent Stem Cells: Current Applications and Future Directions
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Pluripotent Stem Cells: Current Applications and Future Directions

A special issue of Cells (ISSN 2073-4409). This special issue belongs to the section "Stem Cells".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 February 2025) | Viewed by 9351

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Julie Bejoy

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
Interests: stem cells; brain organoids; kidney organoids; stem cell extracellular vesicles; tissue regeneration; disease modeling
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) are one of the most versatile stem cells that can differentiate into multiple cell types. PSCs, including both embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells, have been differentiated into all three germ layers: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. PSCs can be used to derive three-dimensional models of organs called organoids, which can replicate the architecture and function of the organs. Compared to the traditional cell culture approach, these organoids provide a more physiologically relevant platform, allowing researchers to study complex diseases as well as screen drugs. PSCs have contributed significantly in advancing tissue engineering with the future possibilities of personalized medicine. This Special Issue will feature articles providing insights into the ongoing research showcasing the pluripotent stem cells’ potential in diverse therapeutic applications across various fields.

Dr. Julie Bejoy
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Cells is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • induced pluripotent stem cells
  • organoids
  • reprogramming
  • differentiation
  • spheroids
  • cortical organoids
  • intestinal organoids
  • kidney organoids
  • cardiomyocytes
  • astrocytes
  • microglia
  • personalized medicine
  • drug screening
  • disease modeling

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 4927 KiB  
Article
Alternative Ways to Obtain Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Embryonic Stem Cells
by Nikita Onyanov, Olga Glazova, Nawar Sakr, Tatyana Krokunova, Julia Krupinova and Pavel Volchkov
Cells 2024, 13(19), 1617; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells13191617 - 26 Sep 2024
Viewed by 4086
Abstract
Differentiation approaches to obtain mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have gradually developed over the last few decades. The problem is that different protocols give different MSC types, making further research difficult. Here, we tried three different approaches to differentiate embryonic stem cells (ESCs) from [...] Read more.
Differentiation approaches to obtain mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have gradually developed over the last few decades. The problem is that different protocols give different MSC types, making further research difficult. Here, we tried three different approaches to differentiate embryonic stem cells (ESCs) from early mesoderm to MSCs using serum-containing or xeno-free differentiation medium and observed differences in the cells’ morphology, doubling rate, ability to form colonies, surface marker analysis, and multilineage differentiation potential of the obtained cell lines. We concluded that the xeno-free medium best fits the criteria of MSCs’ morphology, growth kinetics, and surface marker characterization. In contrast, the serum-containing medium gives better potential for further MSC differentiation into osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic lineages. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pluripotent Stem Cells: Current Applications and Future Directions)
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14 pages, 15582 KiB  
Article
Deep Learning Powered Identification of Differentiated Early Mesoderm Cells from Pluripotent Stem Cells
by Sakib Mohammad, Arpan Roy, Andreas Karatzas, Sydney L. Sarver, Iraklis Anagnostopoulos and Farhan Chowdhury
Cells 2024, 13(6), 534; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells13060534 - 18 Mar 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2188
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells can be differentiated into all three germ-layers including ecto-, endo-, and mesoderm in vitro. However, the early identification and rapid characterization of each germ-layer in response to chemical and physical induction of differentiation is limited. This is a long-standing issue [...] Read more.
Pluripotent stem cells can be differentiated into all three germ-layers including ecto-, endo-, and mesoderm in vitro. However, the early identification and rapid characterization of each germ-layer in response to chemical and physical induction of differentiation is limited. This is a long-standing issue for rapid and high-throughput screening to determine lineage specification efficiency. Here, we present deep learning (DL) methodologies for predicting and classifying early mesoderm cells differentiated from embryoid bodies (EBs) based on cellular and nuclear morphologies. Using a transgenic murine embryonic stem cell (mESC) line, namely OGTR1, we validated the upregulation of mesodermal genes (Brachyury (T): DsRed) in cells derived from EBs for the deep learning model training. Cells were classified into mesodermal and non-mesodermal (representing endo- and ectoderm) classes using a convolutional neural network (CNN) model called InceptionV3 which achieved a very high classification accuracy of 97% for phase images and 90% for nuclei images. In addition, we also performed image segmentation using an Attention U-Net CNN and obtained a mean intersection over union of 61% and 69% for phase-contrast and nuclear images, respectively. This work highlights the potential of integrating cell culture, imaging technologies, and deep learning methodologies in identifying lineage specification, thus contributing to the advancements in regenerative medicine. Collectively, our trained deep learning models can predict the mesoderm cells with high accuracy based on cellular and nuclear morphologies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pluripotent Stem Cells: Current Applications and Future Directions)
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Review

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20 pages, 3445 KiB  
Review
Deciphering the Pathophysiological Mechanisms Underpinning Myoclonus Dystonia Using Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cellular Models
by Zongze Li, Laura Abram and Kathryn J. Peall
Cells 2024, 13(18), 1520; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells13181520 - 10 Sep 2024
Viewed by 2475
Abstract
Dystonia is a movement disorder with an estimated prevalence of 1.2% and is characterised by involuntary muscle contractions leading to abnormal postures and pain. Only symptomatic treatments are available with no disease-modifying or curative therapy, in large part due to the limited understanding [...] Read more.
Dystonia is a movement disorder with an estimated prevalence of 1.2% and is characterised by involuntary muscle contractions leading to abnormal postures and pain. Only symptomatic treatments are available with no disease-modifying or curative therapy, in large part due to the limited understanding of the underlying pathophysiology. However, the inherited monogenic forms of dystonia provide an opportunity for the development of disease models to examine these mechanisms. Myoclonus Dystonia, caused by SGCE mutations encoding the ε-sarcoglycan protein, represents one of now >50 monogenic forms. Previous research has implicated the involvement of the basal ganglia–cerebello-thalamo-cortical circuit in dystonia pathogenesis, but further work is needed to understand the specific molecular and cellular mechanisms. Pluripotent stem cell technology enables a patient-derived disease modelling platform harbouring disease-causing mutations. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of the aetiology of Myoclonus Dystonia, recent advances in producing distinct neuronal types from pluripotent stem cells, and their application in modelling Myoclonus Dystonia in vitro. Future research employing pluripotent stem cell-derived cellular models is crucial to elucidate how distinct neuronal types may contribute to dystonia and how disruption to neuronal function can give rise to dystonic disorders. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pluripotent Stem Cells: Current Applications and Future Directions)
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