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Alteration of Growth, Physiological, Biochemical and Molecular Responses of Phototropic Organisms to Environmental Stress

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A special issue of Cells (ISSN 2073-4409). This special issue belongs to the section "Plant, Algae and Fungi Cell Biology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2023) | Viewed by 7189

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Chien Van Ha

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Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
Interests: abiotic stress; biochemistry; biotechnology; bioinformatics; genetics; hormonal signaling; physiology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Prof. Dr. Lam-Son Phan Tran

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Institute for Genomics of Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance (IGCAST), Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
Interests: plants; environmental stress; signaling molecules; transcription factors; gene identification and analysis; gene regulatory network; signal transduction
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Dr. Swarup Roy Choudhury

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Co-Guest Editor

Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
Interests: plant development; molecular and cellular mechanisms; signal transduction; nodulation; stress
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Phototropic organisms are regularly exposed to changing environmental conditions during their lifetime. Environmental stresses cause adverse effects on growth, development, survival, and yield. Studies are needed on the morphological, physiological, biochemical, molecular, and metabolic responses observed in phototrophic species and accessions that are tolerant or resistant to environmental stresses with a view to the functional characterization of genes involved in adaptation processes.

This Special Issue aims to bring together knowledge on phenotypic, genomic, genetic, and metabolomic responses to environmental stresses. The information of morphological, physiological, biochemical, metabolomic, and genetic mechanisms for tolerance and the associated problem of environmental stress will be addressed.

Dr. Chien Van Ha
Prof. Dr. Lam-Son Phan Tran
Dr. Swarup Roy Choudhury
Guest Editors

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Cells is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

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Keywords

cell
environmental stress
genetics
genomics
growth and development
metabolites
phenotype
photosynthesis
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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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26 pages, 7219 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Phylogenomic Analysis of micro-RNA Involved in Juvenile to Flowering-Stage Transition in Photophilic Rice and Its Sister Species

by Prasanta K. Dash, Payal Gupta, Rohini Sreevathsa, Sharat Kumar Pradhan, Tenkabailu Dharmanna Sanjay, Mihir Ranjan Mohanty, Pravat K. Roul, Nagendra K. Singh and Rhitu Rai

Cells 2023, 12(10), 1370; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells12101370 - 12 May 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1123

Abstract

Vegetative to reproductive phase transition in phototropic plants is an important developmental process and is sequentially mediated by the expression of micro-RNA MIR172. To obtain insight into the evolution, adaptation, and function of MIR172 in photophilic rice and its wild relatives, we analyzed the genescape of a 100 kb segment harboring MIR172 homologs from 11 genomes. The expression analysis of MIR172 revealed its incremental accumulation from the 2-leaf to 10-leaf stage, with maximum expression coinciding with the flag-leaf stage in rice. Nonetheless, the microsynteny analysis of MIR172s revealed collinearity within the genus Oryza, but a loss of synteny was observed in (i) MIR172A in O. barthii (AA) and O. glaberima (AA); (ii) MIR172B in O. brachyantha (FF); and (iii) MIR172C in O. punctata (BB). Phylogenetic analysis of precursor sequences/region of MIR172 revealed a distinct tri-modal clade of evolution. The genomic information generated in this investigation through comparative analysis of MIRNA, suggests mature MIR172s to have evolved in a disruptive and conservative mode amongst all Oryza species with a common origin of descent. Further, the phylogenomic delineation provided an insight into the adaptation and molecular evolution of MIR172 to changing environmental conditions (biotic and abiotic) of phototropic rice through natural selection and the opportunity to harness untapped genomic regions from rice wild relatives (RWR). Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Alteration of Growth, Physiological, Biochemical and Molecular Responses of Phototropic Organisms to Environmental Stress)

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Review

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17 pages, 2132 KiB

Open AccessReview

Cell Mutagenic Autopolyploidy Enhances Salinity Stress Tolerance in Leguminous Crops

by Phetole Mangena

Cells 2023, 12(16), 2082; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells12162082 - 17 Aug 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 935

Abstract

Salinity stress affects plant growth and development by causing osmotic stress and nutrient imbalances through excess Na⁺, K⁺, and Cl⁻ ion accumulations that induce toxic effects during germination, seedling development, vegetative growth, flowering, and fruit set. However, the effects of salt stress on growth and development processes, especially in polyploidized leguminous plants, remain unexplored and scantly reported compared to their diploid counterparts. This paper discusses the physiological and molecular response of legumes towards salinity stress-based osmotic and ionic imbalances in plant cells. A multigenic response involving various compatible solutes, osmolytes, ROS, polyamines, and antioxidant activity, together with genes encoding proteins involved in the signal transduction, regulation, and response mechanisms to this stress, were identified and discussed. This discussion reaffirms polyploidization as the driving force in plant evolution and adaptation to environmental stress constraints such as drought, feverish temperatures, and, in particular, salt stress. As a result, thorough physiological and molecular elucidation of the role of gene duplication through induced autopolyploidization and possible mechanisms regulating salinity stress tolerance in grain legumes must be further studied. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Alteration of Growth, Physiological, Biochemical and Molecular Responses of Phototropic Organisms to Environmental Stress)

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22 pages, 3076 KiB

Open AccessReview

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary: Insights into the Pathogenomic Features of a Global Pathogen

by Md. Motaher Hossain, Farjana Sultana, Weiqiang Li, Lam-Son Phan Tran and Mohammad Golam Mostofa

Cells 2023, 12(7), 1063; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells12071063 - 31 Mar 2023

Cited by 20 | Viewed by 4126

Abstract

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary is a broad host-range fungus that infects an inclusive array of plant species and afflicts significant yield losses globally. Despite being a notorious pathogen, it has an uncomplicated life cycle consisting of either basal infection from myceliogenically germinated sclerotia or aerial infection from ascospores of carpogenically germinated sclerotia. This fungus is unique among necrotrophic pathogens in that it inevitably colonizes aging tissues to initiate an infection, where a saprophytic stage follows the pathogenic phase. The release of cell wall-degrading enzymes, oxalic acid, and effector proteins are considered critical virulence factors necessary for the effective pathogenesis of S. sclerotiorum. Nevertheless, the molecular basis of S. sclerotiorum pathogenesis is still imprecise and remains a topic of continuing research. Previous comprehensive sequencing of the S. sclerotiorum genome has revealed new insights into its genome organization and provided a deeper comprehension of the sophisticated processes involved in its growth, development, and virulence. This review focuses on the genetic and genomic aspects of fungal biology and molecular pathogenicity to summarize current knowledge of the processes utilized by S. sclerotiorum to parasitize its hosts. Understanding the molecular mechanisms regulating the infection process of S. sclerotiorum will contribute to devising strategies for preventing infections caused by this destructive pathogen. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Alteration of Growth, Physiological, Biochemical and Molecular Responses of Phototropic Organisms to Environmental Stress)

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