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Plant Metabolites and Their Reprogramming for Plant Tolerance under Environmental Stress

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A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Plant Sciences".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2022) | Viewed by 50553

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Prof. Dr. Lam-Son Phan Tran

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Institute for Genomics of Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance (IGCAST), Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
Interests: plants; environmental stress; signaling molecules; transcription factors; gene identification and analysis; gene regulatory network; signal transduction
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Dr. Manish Kumar Patel

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Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
Interests: functional foods; metabolite-mediated signalling; metabolomics; nutraceuticals; primary and secondary metabolites; polysaccharides; seaweeds biology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Environmental stresses negatively impact plant growth and development and reduce crop yields, which compromises the food supply for the ever-growing world population. Environmental stresses, including salinity, drought, flooding, extreme temperatures, nutrient deficiency, and excessive heavy metals are major constraints that affect plant development, growth, and reproduction, posing serious threats to plant life. Plant metabolites, including primary and secondary metabolites, are important compounds of plant development and are going through reprogramming in plant responses to stresses. Mass-spectrometry-based tools have been the most extensively used in plant metabolomics applications to explore the molecular and biochemical mechanisms that underlie plant acclimatizations to changing environments. Plants respond to abiotic stresses by altering several aspects, including gene expression and the contents of primary and secondary metabolites. These multifaceted changes enable plants to adapt to and tolerate adverse circumstances. Priming compounds, such as natural metabolites or synthetic compounds, have shown an excellent opportunity to increase environmental stress tolerance in various plants (agricultural crops and medicinal plants, etc.) without modification of their genome. Growing evidence has indicated the importance of metabolic reprogramming and priming to enhance abiotic stress tolerance in a wide range of important crops.

This Special Issue aims to collect scientific contributions that can provide more insights into metabolic adjustments and their regulations in plants. Characterization of the metabolite composition in plants grown under environmental stress conditions can help us to decipher the innovative metabolic signaling pathways. The utilization of metabolite priming as protectants to enhance environmental stress tolerance in plants is extremely promising.

This Special Issue welcomes the submission of reviews (full or mini-reviews) and original research articles or short communications on topics related to plant metabolites, plant priming, and their metabolic reprogramming under environmental stresses.

Dr. Lam-Son Phan Tran
Dr. Manish Kumar Patel
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

Environmental stresses, including salinity, drought, flooding, extreme temperatures, nutrient deficiency, and excessive heavy metals
Combinations of environmental stresses
Chemo-diversity of plant metabolomics (primary and secondary metabolites)
Crop plants, medicinal plants, halophytes, algae, and seaweeds
Mass spectrometry
Metabolites priming and its reprogramming
Signaling networks of metabolites

Related Special Issue

Plant Metabolites and Their Reprogramming for Plant Tolerance under Environmental Stress 2.0 in International Journal of Molecular Sciences (6 articles)

Published Papers (11 papers)

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Research

Jump to: Review

17 pages, 5107 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Global Metabolites Reprogramming Induced by Spermine Contributing to Salt Tolerance in Creeping Bentgrass

by Zhou Li, Bizhen Cheng, Wei Liu, Guangyan Feng, Junming Zhao, Liquan Zhang and Yan Peng

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(9), 4472; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23094472 - 19 Apr 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1955

Abstract

Soil salinization has become a serious challenge to modern agriculture worldwide. The purpose of the study was to reveal salt tolerance induced by spermine (Spm) associated with alterations in water and redox homeostasis, photosynthetic performance, and global metabolites reprogramming based on analyses of physiological responses and metabolomics in creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera). Plants pretreated with or without 0.5 mM Spm were subjected to salt stress induced by NaCl for 25 days in controlled growth chambers. Results showed that a prolonged period of salt stress caused a great deal of sodium (Na) accumulation, water loss, photoinhibition, and oxidative damage to plants. However, exogenous application of Spm significantly improved endogenous spermidine (Spd) and Spm contents, followed by significant enhancement of osmotic adjustment (OA), photosynthesis, and antioxidant capacity in leaves under salt stress. The Spm inhibited salt-induced Na accumulation but did not affect potassium (K) content. The analysis of metabolomics demonstrated that the Spm increased intermediate metabolites of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) shunt (GABA, glutamic acid, and alanine) and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle (aconitic acid) under salt stress. In addition, the Spm also up-regulated the accumulation of multiple amino acids (glutamine, valine, isoleucine, methionine, serine, lysine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan), sugars (mannose, fructose, sucrose-6-phosphate, tagatose, and cellobiose), organic acid (gallic acid), and other metabolites (glycerol) in response to salt stress. These metabolites played important roles in OA, energy metabolism, signal transduction, and antioxidant defense under salt stress. More importantly, the Spm enhanced GABA shunt and the TCA cycle for energy supply in leaves. Current findings provide new evidence about the regulatory roles of the Spm in alleviating salt damage to plants associated with global metabolites reprogramming and metabolic homeostasis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Metabolites and Their Reprogramming for Plant Tolerance under Environmental Stress)

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16 pages, 5074 KiB

Open AccessArticle

OsbZIP18, a Positive Regulator of Serotonin Biosynthesis, Negatively Controls the UV-B Tolerance in Rice

by Yangyang Sun, Bi Wang, Junxia Ren, Yutong Zhou, Yu Han, Shuying Niu, Yuanyuan Zhang, Yuheng Shi, Junjie Zhou, Chenkun Yang, Xuemin Ma, Xianqing Liu, Yuehua Luo, Cheng Jin and Jie Luo

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(6), 3215; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23063215 - 16 Mar 2022

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2815

Abstract

Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) plays an important role in many developmental processes and biotic/abiotic stress responses in plants. Although serotonin biosynthetic pathways in plants have been uncovered, knowledge of the mechanisms of serotonin accumulation is still limited, and no regulators have been identified to date. Here, we identified the basic leucine zipper transcription factor OsbZIP18 as a positive regulator of serotonin biosynthesis in rice. Overexpression of OsbZIP18 strongly induced the levels of serotonin and its early precursors (tryptophan and tryptamine), resulting in stunted growth and dark-brown phenotypes. A function analysis showed that OsbZIP18 activated serotonin biosynthesis genes (including tryptophan decarboxylase 1 (OsTDC1), tryptophan decarboxylase 3 (OsTDC3), and tryptamine 5-hydroxylase (OsT5H)) by directly binding to the ACE-containing or G-box cis-elements in their promoters. Furthermore, we demonstrated that OsbZIP18 is induced by UV-B stress, and experiments using UV-B radiation showed that transgenic plants overexpressing OsbZIP18 exhibited UV-B stress-sensitive phenotypes. Besides, exogenous serotonin significantly exacerbates UV-B stress of OsbZIP18_OE plants, suggesting that the excessive accumulation of serotonin may be responsible for the sensitivity of OsbZIP18_OE plants to UV-B stress. Overall, we identified a positive regulator of serotonin biosynthesis and demonstrated that UV-B-stress induced serotonin accumulation, partly in an OsbZIP18-dependent manner. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Metabolites and Their Reprogramming for Plant Tolerance under Environmental Stress)

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17 pages, 3506 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Polyamines Metabolism Interacts with γ-Aminobutyric Acid, Proline and Nitrogen Metabolisms to Affect Drought Tolerance of Creeping Bentgrass

by Meng Tan, Muhammad Jawad Hassan, Yan Peng, Guangyan Feng, Linkai Huang, Lin Liu, Wei Liu, Liebao Han and Zhou Li

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(5), 2779; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23052779 - 03 Mar 2022

Cited by 17 | Viewed by 2264

Abstract

Due to increased global warming and climate change, drought has become a serious threat to horticultural crop cultivation and management. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of spermine (Spm) pretreatment on metabolic alterations of polyamine (PAs), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), proline (Pro), and nitrogen associated with drought tolerance in creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera). The results showed that drought tolerance of creeping bentgrass could be significantly improved by the Spm pretreatment, as demonstrated by the maintenance of less chlorophyll loss and higher photosynthesis, gas exchange, water use efficiency, and cell membrane stability. The Spm pretreatment further increased drought-induced accumulation of endogenous PAs, putrescine, spermidine, and Spm, and also enhanced PAs metabolism through improving arginine decarboxylases, ornithine decarboxylase, S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase, and polyamine oxidase activities during drought stress. In addition, the Spm application not only significantly improved endogenous GABA content, glutamate content, activities of glutamate decarboxylase and α-ketoglutarase, but also alleviated decline in nitrite nitrogen content, nitrate reductase, glutamine synthetase, glutamate synthetase, and GABA aminotransferase activities under drought stress. The Spm-pretreated creeping bentgrass exhibited significantly lower ammonia nitrogen content and nitrite reductase activity as well as higher glutamate dehydrogenase activity than non-pretreated plants in response to drought stress. These results indicated beneficial roles of the Spm on regulating GABA and nitrogen metabolism contributing towards better maintenance of Tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle in creeping bentgrass. Interestingly, the Spm-enhanced Pro metabolism rather than more Pro accumulation could be the key regulatory mechanism for drought tolerance in creeping bentgrass. Current findings provide a comprehensive understanding of PAs interaction with other metabolic pathways to regulate drought tolerance in grass species. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Metabolites and Their Reprogramming for Plant Tolerance under Environmental Stress)

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23 pages, 2992 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Differential Physio-Biochemical and Metabolic Responses of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) under Multiple Abiotic Stress Conditions

by Jaykumar Patel, Deepesh Khandwal, Babita Choudhary, Dolly Ardeshana, Rajesh Kumar Jha, Bhakti Tanna, Sonam Yadav, Avinash Mishra, Rajeev K. Varshney and Kadambot H. M. Siddique

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(2), 660; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23020660 - 08 Jan 2022

Cited by 27 | Viewed by 4388

Abstract

The frequency and severity of extreme climatic conditions such as drought, salinity, cold, and heat are increasing due to climate change. Moreover, in the field, plants are affected by multiple abiotic stresses simultaneously or sequentially. Thus, it is imperative to compare the effects of stress combinations on crop plants relative to individual stresses. This study investigated the differential regulation of physio-biochemical and metabolomics parameters in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) under individual (salt, drought, cold, and heat) and combined stress treatments using multivariate correlation analysis. The results showed that combined heat, salt, and drought stress compounds the stress effect of individual stresses. Combined stresses that included heat had the highest electrolyte leakage and lowest relative water content. Lipid peroxidation and chlorophyll contents did not significantly change under combined stresses. Biochemical parameters, such as free amino acids, polyphenol, starch, and sugars, significantly changed under combined stresses compared to individual stresses. Free amino acids increased under combined stresses that included heat; starch, sugars, and polyphenols increased under combined stresses that included drought; proline concentration increased under combined stresses that included salt. Metabolomics data that were obtained under different individual and combined stresses can be used to identify molecular phenotypes that are involved in the acclimation response of plants under changing abiotic stress conditions. Peanut metabolomics identified 160 metabolites, including amino acids, sugars, sugar alcohols, organic acids, fatty acids, sugar acids, and other organic compounds. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed that abiotic stresses significantly affected amino acid, amino sugar, and sugar metabolism. The stress treatments affected the metabolites that were associated with the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) and urea cycles and associated amino acid biosynthesis pathway intermediates. Principal component analysis (PCA), partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), and heatmap analysis identified potential marker metabolites (pinitol, malic acid, and xylopyranose) that were associated with abiotic stress combinations, which could be used in breeding efforts to develop peanut cultivars that are resilient to climate change. The study will also facilitate researchers to explore different stress indicators to identify resistant cultivars for future crop improvement programs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Metabolites and Their Reprogramming for Plant Tolerance under Environmental Stress)

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Review

Jump to: Research

35 pages, 2554 KiB

Open AccessReview

Advances in Plant Metabolomics and Its Applications in Stress and Single-Cell Biology

by Ramesh Katam, Chuwei Lin, Kirstie Grant, Chaquayla S. Katam and Sixue Chen

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(13), 6985; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23136985 - 23 Jun 2022

Cited by 23 | Viewed by 4458

Abstract

In the past two decades, the post-genomic era envisaged high-throughput technologies, resulting in more species with available genome sequences. In-depth multi-omics approaches have evolved to integrate cellular processes at various levels into a systems biology knowledge base. Metabolomics plays a crucial role in molecular networking to bridge the gaps between genotypes and phenotypes. However, the greater complexity of metabolites with diverse chemical and physical properties has limited the advances in plant metabolomics. For several years, applications of liquid/gas chromatography (LC/GC)-mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) have been constantly developed. Recently, ion mobility spectrometry (IMS)-MS has shown utility in resolving isomeric and isobaric metabolites. Both MS and NMR combined metabolomics significantly increased the identification and quantification of metabolites in an untargeted and targeted manner. Thus, hyphenated metabolomics tools will narrow the gap between the number of metabolite features and the identified metabolites. Metabolites change in response to environmental conditions, including biotic and abiotic stress factors. The spatial distribution of metabolites across different organs, tissues, cells and cellular compartments is a trending research area in metabolomics. Herein, we review recent technological advancements in metabolomics and their applications in understanding plant stress biology and different levels of spatial organization. In addition, we discuss the opportunities and challenges in multiple stress interactions, multi-omics, and single-cell metabolomics. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Metabolites and Their Reprogramming for Plant Tolerance under Environmental Stress)

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26 pages, 1965 KiB

Open AccessReview

Reprogramming of Plant Central Metabolism in Response to Abiotic Stresses: A Metabolomics View

by Yuan Xu and Xinyu Fu

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(10), 5716; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23105716 - 20 May 2022

Cited by 27 | Viewed by 3718

Abstract

Abiotic stresses rewire plant central metabolism to maintain metabolic and energy homeostasis. Metabolites involved in the plant central metabolic network serve as a hub for regulating carbon and energy metabolism under various stress conditions. In this review, we introduce recent metabolomics techniques used to investigate the dynamics of metabolic responses to abiotic stresses and analyze the trend of publications in this field. We provide an updated overview of the changing patterns in central metabolic pathways related to the metabolic responses to common stresses, including flooding, drought, cold, heat, and salinity. We extensively review the common and unique metabolic changes in central metabolism in response to major abiotic stresses. Finally, we discuss the challenges and some emerging insights in the future application of metabolomics to study plant responses to abiotic stresses. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Metabolites and Their Reprogramming for Plant Tolerance under Environmental Stress)

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20 pages, 684 KiB

Open AccessReview

Contribution of Exogenous Proline to Abiotic Stresses Tolerance in Plants: A Review

by Marjanossadat Hosseinifard, Szymon Stefaniak, Majid Ghorbani Javid, Elias Soltani, Łukasz Wojtyla and Małgorzata Garnczarska

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(9), 5186; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23095186 - 06 May 2022

Cited by 105 | Viewed by 6866

Abstract

Abiotic stresses are the major environmental factors that play a significant role in decreasing plant yield and production potential by influencing physiological, biochemical, and molecular processes. Abiotic stresses and global population growth have prompted scientists to use beneficial strategies to ensure food security. The use of organic compounds to improve tolerance to abiotic stresses has been considered for many years. For example, the application of potential external osmotic protective compounds such as proline is one of the approaches to counteract the adverse effects of abiotic stresses on plants. Proline level increases in plants in response to environmental stress. Proline accumulation is not just a signal of tension. Rather, according to research discussed in this article, this biomolecule improves plant resistance to abiotic stress by rising photosynthesis, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant activity, regulating osmolyte concentration, and sodium and potassium homeostasis. In this review, we discuss the biosynthesis, sensing, signaling, and transport of proline and its role in the development of various plant tissues, including seeds, floral components, and vegetative tissues. Further, the impacts of exogenous proline utilization under various non-living stresses such as drought, salinity, high and low temperatures, and heavy metals have been extensively studied. Numerous various studies have shown that exogenous proline can improve plant growth, yield, and stress tolerance under adverse environmental factors. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Metabolites and Their Reprogramming for Plant Tolerance under Environmental Stress)

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22 pages, 2252 KiB

Open AccessReview

Biosynthesis and the Roles of Plant Sterols in Development and Stress Responses

by Yinglin Du, Xizhe Fu, Yiyang Chu, Peiwen Wu, Ye Liu, Lili Ma, Huiqin Tian and Benzhong Zhu

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(4), 2332; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23042332 - 20 Feb 2022

Cited by 36 | Viewed by 5595

Abstract

Plant sterols are important components of the cell membrane and lipid rafts, which play a crucial role in various physiological and biochemical processes during development and stress resistance in plants. In recent years, many studies in higher plants have been reported in the biosynthesis pathway of plant sterols, whereas the knowledge about the regulation and accumulation of sterols is not well understood. In this review, we summarize and discuss the recent findings in the field of plant sterols, including their biosynthesis, regulation, functions, as well as the mechanism involved in abiotic stress responses. These studies provide better knowledge on the synthesis and regulation of sterols, and the review also aimed to provide new insights for the global role of sterols, which is liable to benefit future research on the development and abiotic stress tolerance in plant. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Metabolites and Their Reprogramming for Plant Tolerance under Environmental Stress)

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17 pages, 1112 KiB

Open AccessReview

Advances in 5-Aminolevulinic Acid Priming to Enhance Plant Tolerance to Abiotic Stress

by Shuya Tan, Jie Cao, Xinli Xia and Zhonghai Li

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(2), 702; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23020702 - 09 Jan 2022

Cited by 24 | Viewed by 3814

Abstract

Priming is an adaptive strategy that improves plant defenses against biotic and abiotic stresses. Stimuli from chemicals, abiotic cues, and pathogens can trigger the establishment of priming state. Priming with 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA), a potential plant growth regulator, can enhance plant tolerance to the subsequent abiotic stresses, including salinity, drought, heat, cold, and UV-B. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the remarkable effects of ALA priming on plant physiology remain to be elucidated. Here, we summarize recent progress made in the stress tolerance conferred by ALA priming in plants and provide the underlying molecular and physiology mechanisms of this phenomenon. Priming with ALA results in changes at the physiological, transcriptional, metabolic, and epigenetic levels, and enhances photosynthesis and antioxidant capacity, as well as nitrogen assimilation, which in turn increases the resistance of abiotic stresses. However, the signaling pathway of ALA, including receptors as well as key components, is currently unknown, which hinders the deeper understanding of the defense priming caused by ALA. In the future, there is an urgent need to reveal the molecular mechanisms by which ALA regulates plant development and enhances plant defense with the help of forward genetics, multi-omics technologies, as well as genome editing technology. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Metabolites and Their Reprogramming for Plant Tolerance under Environmental Stress)

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23 pages, 1566 KiB

Open AccessReview

Metabolomics and Molecular Approaches Reveal Drought Stress Tolerance in Plants

by Manoj Kumar, Manish Kumar Patel, Navin Kumar, Atal Bihari Bajpai and Kadambot H. M. Siddique

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(17), 9108; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22179108 - 24 Aug 2021

Cited by 87 | Viewed by 8445

Abstract

Metabolic regulation is the key mechanism implicated in plants maintaining cell osmotic potential under drought stress. Understanding drought stress tolerance in plants will have a significant impact on food security in the face of increasingly harsh climatic conditions. Plant primary and secondary metabolites and metabolic genes are key factors in drought tolerance through their involvement in diverse metabolic pathways. Physio-biochemical and molecular strategies involved in plant tolerance mechanisms could be exploited to increase plant survival under drought stress. This review summarizes the most updated findings on primary and secondary metabolites involved in drought stress. We also examine the application of useful metabolic genes and their molecular responses to drought tolerance in plants and discuss possible strategies to help plants to counteract unfavorable drought periods. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Metabolites and Their Reprogramming for Plant Tolerance under Environmental Stress)

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14 pages, 8258 KiB

Open AccessReview

Plant Secondary Metabolites with an Overview of Populus

by Ali Movahedi, Amir Almasi Zadeh Yaghuti, Hui Wei, Paul Rutland, Weibo Sun, Mohaddeseh Mousavi, Dawei Li and Qiang Zhuge

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(13), 6890; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22136890 - 26 Jun 2021

Cited by 21 | Viewed by 3773

Abstract

Populus trees meet continuous difficulties from the environment through their life cycle. To warrant their durability and generation, Populus trees exhibit various types of defenses, including the production of secondary metabolites. Syntheses derived from the shikimate-phenylpropanoid pathway are a varied and plentiful class of secondary metabolites manufactured in Populus. Amongst other main classes of secondary metabolites in Populus are fatty acid and terpenoid-derivatives. Many of the secondary metabolites made by Populus trees have been functionally described. Any others have been associated with particular ecological or biological processes, such as resistance against pests and microbial pathogens or acclimatization to abiotic stresses. Still, the functions of many Populus secondary metabolites are incompletely understood. Furthermore, many secondary metabolites have therapeutic effects, leading to more studies of secondary metabolites and their biosynthesis. This paper reviews the biosynthetic pathways and therapeutic impacts of secondary metabolites in Populus using a genomics approach. Compared with bacteria, fewer known pathways produce secondary metabolites in Populus despite P. trichocarpa having had its genome sequenced. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Metabolites and Their Reprogramming for Plant Tolerance under Environmental Stress)

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