Metal-Based Catalysts in Organic Synthesis

A special issue of Catalysts (ISSN 2073-4344). This special issue belongs to the section "Catalysis in Organic and Polymer Chemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 August 2020) | Viewed by 17814

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1. Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade Lusófona, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal
2. Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
Interests: homogeneous catalysis; heterogeneous catalysis; metal complexes; organic synthesis; oxidation; mechanism
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Dear Colleagues,

Catalysts play an important role for the transformation of organic compounds to useful building blocks. Metal-based catalysts make a significant contribution towards the catalytic transformations of organic compounds. Simple metal oxides, metal salts or metal complexes can exhibit high activity as catalysts for the transformation of organic compounds. Catalytic reactions, viz., oxidation of alkanes and alcohols, epoxidation of alkenes and allylic alcohols, hydrocarboxylation, oxidative bromination or sulfoxidation of organic compounds, oxidative C–C coupling, CO2 insertion, polymerization, etc. are some of the common and widely used processes for the synthesis of organic compounds. The catalysts can be homogeneous, heterogenous or supported depending on their nature and activity in the catalytic reactions. Several techniques such as the use of microwave irradiation, ionic liquid or supercritical CO2 medium are employed to make the catalytic process more energy-efficient. Kinetic studies, theoretical calculation, and illustrations of a mechanism for the catalytic path give more detailed information for a particular catalytic reaction.

This Special Issue is devoted to the recent development of new metal-based catalysts for the synthesis of organic compounds. It covers catalytic reactions under homogeneous, heterogenous or supported conditions. Reaction kinetics and reaction mechanisms are also an important part of this issue. New and original research studies on this topic are welcome.

Dr. Manas Sutradhar
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • homogeneous catalysis
  • heterogeneous catalysis
  • metal complexes
  • organic synthesis
  • oxidation
  • mechanism

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Editorial

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2 pages, 179 KiB  
Editorial
Metal-Based Catalysts in Organic Synthesis
by Manas Sutradhar
Catalysts 2020, 10(12), 1429; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal10121429 - 7 Dec 2020
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2502
Abstract
The role of catalysts is extremely important for various organic transformations and the synthesis of organic compounds [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metal-Based Catalysts in Organic Synthesis)

Research

Jump to: Editorial

16 pages, 2172 KiB  
Article
Fe(III) Complexes in Cyclohexane Oxidation: Comparison of Catalytic Activities under Different Energy Stimuli
by Tannistha Roy Barman, Manas Sutradhar, Elisabete C. B. A. Alegria, Maria de Fátima C. Guedes da Silva and Armando J. L. Pombeiro
Catalysts 2020, 10(10), 1175; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal10101175 - 13 Oct 2020
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2447
Abstract
In this study, the mononuclear Fe(III) complex [Fe(HL)(NO3)(H2O)2]NO3 (1) derived from -acetylpyrazine-2-carbohydrazide (H2L) was synthesized and characterized by several physicochemical methods, e.g., elemental analysis, infrared (IR) spectroscopy, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry [...] Read more.
In this study, the mononuclear Fe(III) complex [Fe(HL)(NO3)(H2O)2]NO3 (1) derived from -acetylpyrazine-2-carbohydrazide (H2L) was synthesized and characterized by several physicochemical methods, e.g., elemental analysis, infrared (IR) spectroscopy, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), and single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The catalytic performances of 1 and the previously reported complexes [Fe(HL)Cl2] (2) and [Fe(HL)Cl(μ-OMe)]2 (3) towards the peroxidative oxidation of cyclohexane under three different energy stimuli (microwave irradiation, ultrasound, and conventional heating) were compared. 1-3 displayed homogeneous catalytic activity, leading to the formation of cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone as final products, with a high selectivity for the alcohol (up to 95%). Complex 1 exhibited the highest catalytic activity, with a total product yield of 38% (cyclohexanol + cyclohexanone) under optimized microwave-assisted conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metal-Based Catalysts in Organic Synthesis)
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13 pages, 2311 KiB  
Communication
Pd Nanoparticles and Mixture of CO2/CO/O2 Applied in the Carbonylation of Aniline
by Dominik Madej, Adrian Konopko, Piotr Piotrowski and Agnieszka Krogul-Sobczak
Catalysts 2020, 10(8), 877; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal10080877 - 4 Aug 2020
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3206
Abstract
CO2 is a compound of high stability which proves useful in some organic syntheses as a solvent or component decreasing explosivity of gases. It is also a good carbonylating agent for aliphatic amines although not for aromatic ones, the latter being carbonylated [...] Read more.
CO2 is a compound of high stability which proves useful in some organic syntheses as a solvent or component decreasing explosivity of gases. It is also a good carbonylating agent for aliphatic amines although not for aromatic ones, the latter being carbonylated with phosgene or, as in our previous works, with CO/O2 in the presence of Pd(II) complexes. In this work we have used the mixture of CO/O2 and CO2 for carbonylation of aniline to N,N’-diphenylurea. After optimization of the reaction conditions (56% of CO2 in CO2/CO mixture) we studied the activity of three kinds of pre-catalysts: (a) Pd(II) complexes, (b) Pdblack, and (c) palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs) in the presence of derivatives of pyridine (XnPy). The highest conversion of aniline (with selectivity towards N,N-diphenylurea ca. 90%) was observed for PdNPs. The results show that catalytic cycle involves Pd(0) stabilized by pyridine ligand as active species. Basing on this observation, we put the hypothesis that application of PdNPs instead of Pd(II) complex can efficiently reduce the reaction time. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metal-Based Catalysts in Organic Synthesis)
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13 pages, 2487 KiB  
Article
Nickel-Modified TS-1 Catalyzed the Ammoximation of Methyl Ethyl Ketone
by Dandan Yang, Haiyan Wang, Wenhua Wang, Sihua Peng, Xiuzhen Yang, Xingliang Xu and Shouhua Jia
Catalysts 2019, 9(12), 1027; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal9121027 - 4 Dec 2019
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3548
Abstract
In this paper, five kinds of transition metal-modified titanium silicalite-1 (M-TS-1) were prepared by an ultrasonic impregnation method. We studied their catalytic performances in the ammoximation of methyl ethyl ketone (MEK). The various M-TS-1 catalysts revealed distinct differences in their MEK ammoximation activity. [...] Read more.
In this paper, five kinds of transition metal-modified titanium silicalite-1 (M-TS-1) were prepared by an ultrasonic impregnation method. We studied their catalytic performances in the ammoximation of methyl ethyl ketone (MEK). The various M-TS-1 catalysts revealed distinct differences in their MEK ammoximation activity. The nickel-modified TS-1 (Ni-TS-1), especially 3 wt % Ni-TS-1, exhibited a satisfactory conversion of MEK (99%) associated with a high selectivity of methyl ethyl ketoxime (MEKO) (99.3%), which was 6% higher than that of TS-1 under the same conditions. Moreover, the catalyst showed excellent recyclability and the reactivity could be completely recovered after regeneration. The catalysts were characterized by Powder X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectra (FT-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and so on. It was demonstrated that the skeleton structure of TS-1 was basically maintained and the electron environment of the Ti active site was changed after the nickel modification, which can optimize the adsorption capacity and the activation for H2O2. Meanwhile, the surface nickel species reduced the surface acidity of the catalyst, which provided an appropriate pH and inhibited the deep oxidation of oxime. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metal-Based Catalysts in Organic Synthesis)
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11 pages, 1643 KiB  
Communication
Carbozincation of Substituted 2-Alkynylamines, 1-Alkynylphosphines, 1-Alkynylphosphine Sulfides with Et2Zn in the Presence of Catalytic System of Ti(O-iPr)4 and EtMgBr
by Rita N. Kadikova, Ilfir R. Ramazanov, Azat M. Gabdullin, Oleg S. Mozgovoi and Usein M. Dzhemilev
Catalysts 2019, 9(12), 1022; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal9121022 - 4 Dec 2019
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3044
Abstract
The EtMgBr and Ti(O-iPr)4-catalyzed ethylzincation of 1-alkynylphosphine sulfides with Et2Zn in diethyl ether followed by hydrolysis and deuterolysis affords corresponding β,β-disubstituted 1-alkenylphosphine sulfides with high yield. The EtMgBr and Ti(O-iPr)4-catalyzed [...] Read more.
The EtMgBr and Ti(O-iPr)4-catalyzed ethylzincation of 1-alkynylphosphine sulfides with Et2Zn in diethyl ether followed by hydrolysis and deuterolysis affords corresponding β,β-disubstituted 1-alkenylphosphine sulfides with high yield. The EtMgBr and Ti(O-iPr)4-catalyzed reaction of 2-alkynylamines, 1-alkynylphosphines, and 1-alkenylphosphine sulfides with Et2Zn in various solvents was studied. It has been found that the reaction of 2-alkynylamines and 1-alkynylphosphines in methylene chloride, hexane, toluene, benzene, and anisole leads to the selective formation of 2-alkenylamines and 1-alkenylphosphine oxides after oxidation with H2O2. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metal-Based Catalysts in Organic Synthesis)
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