Pd Nanoparticles and Mixture of CO2/CO/O2 Applied in the Carbonylation of Aniline
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Optimization of Reaction Conditions of AN Carbonylation with CO2/CO/O2 Mixture
2.2. Synthesis of PdNPs
2.3. Catalytic Activity of NPs Compared with Other Pd Species
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Materials
3.2. Synthesis of Palladium Nanoparticles
3.3. Techniques
3.4. Carbonylation of Aniline by CO/CO2/O2 to N,N’-Diphenylurea
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Entry | CO2 in CO/CO2 b (%) | I2 (mmoL) | Fe (mmoL) | CAN (%) | SDPU c (%) | TOFDPU d |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 e | 100 | 0.12 | 2.68 | 12 | 0 | 0 |
2 e | 88 | 37 | 57 | 202 | ||
3 e | 65 | 83 | 83 | 666 | ||
4 e | 56 | 84 | 87 | 704 | ||
5 e | 0 | 68 | 93 | 608 | ||
6 | 56 | 0 | 2.68 | 10 | 0 | 0 |
7 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 | |
8 | 0.01 | 46 | 96 | 434 | ||
9 | 0.04 | 71 | 96 | 657 | ||
10 | 0.12 | 73 | 95 | 669 | ||
11 | 0.39 | 69 | 94 | 617 | ||
12 | 0.04 | 0.25 | 75 | 96 | 694 | |
13 | 0.5 | 78 | 98 | 733 | ||
14 | 1.2 | 74 | 96 | 685 | ||
15 | 2.68 | 72 | 95 | 660 | ||
16 f | 2.68 | 72 | 96 | 667 |
Entry | T (°C) | CAN (%) | SDPU b (%) | TOFDPU c |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 80 | 17 | 98 | 161 |
2 | 100 | 71 | 98 | 671 |
3 | 120 | 86 | 95 | 791 |
4 | 140 | 80 | 71 (20) d | 550 (154) e |
Entry | Catalyst | CAN (%) | SDPU b (%) | TOFDPU c |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | PdNPs/4MePy | 92 | 88 | 781 |
2 d | PdNPs/4MePy | 27 | 89 | 926 |
3 | PdNM/4MePy e | 80 | 84 | 646 |
4 | Pdblack | 60 | 89 | 515 |
5 | Pdblack f | 72 | 89 | 617 |
6 | PdCl2(4MePy)2 | 83 | 87 | 656 |
7 d | PdCl2(2,4Cl2Py)2 | 16 | 88 | 540 |
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Madej, D.; Konopko, A.; Piotrowski, P.; Krogul-Sobczak, A. Pd Nanoparticles and Mixture of CO2/CO/O2 Applied in the Carbonylation of Aniline. Catalysts 2020, 10, 877. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal10080877
Madej D, Konopko A, Piotrowski P, Krogul-Sobczak A. Pd Nanoparticles and Mixture of CO2/CO/O2 Applied in the Carbonylation of Aniline. Catalysts. 2020; 10(8):877. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal10080877
Chicago/Turabian StyleMadej, Dominik, Adrian Konopko, Piotr Piotrowski, and Agnieszka Krogul-Sobczak. 2020. "Pd Nanoparticles and Mixture of CO2/CO/O2 Applied in the Carbonylation of Aniline" Catalysts 10, no. 8: 877. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal10080877