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Cancers
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Prostate Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics
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Prostate Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics

A special issue of Cancers (ISSN 2072-6694). This special issue belongs to the section "Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2023) | Viewed by 11668

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Steven Narod

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Women’s College Research Institute, Women’s College Hospital, Toronto, ON M5S 1B2, Canada
2. Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada
3. Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
Interests: breast cancer; ovarian cancer; BRCA1; BRCA2; cancer prevention; screening
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Prostate cancer is a leading worldwide cause of male cancer morbidity and mortality. The aging of the global population and increasing life expectancy are expected to increase the contribution of prostate cancer to overall mortality in men. The aim of this Special Issue is to highlight research seeking to elucidate, at a population level, risk factors which lead to prostate cancer mortality. We are interested in factors that impact on cancer incidence and cancer mortality. The theme includes specific genetic anomalies, single-nucleotide polymorphism level and personalised risks scores, the contribution of aging (at the individual level and population level) and host factors as well as environmental and lifestyle factors that impact on cancer risk and progression. Through a better understanding of the underlying risk factors leading to prostate cancer mortality we can design effective public health measures to mitigate their effects.

Dear Colleagues,

Prostate cancer continues to be a leading worldwide cause of male cancer morbidity and mortality. We are pleased to invite you to contribute an article to our Special Issue within the journal Cancers entitled “Prostate Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics.”

We feel that this Special Issue is a good fit for this journal as Cancers has a demonstrated commitment to the dissemination of research which explores a broad range of methods and foci related to underlying malignancy risk, and has a high Impact Factor within our field. This Special Issue aims to explore recent developments specifically in the fields of genetics and epidemiology as they relate to prostate cancer mortality.

In this Special Issue, original research articles and reviews are welcome. Research areas may include (but are not limited to) the following: 

  • The contribution of aging to the risk of prostate cancer mortality;
  • Population-level work on novel biomarkers for prostate cancer risk and progression;
  • Lifestyle factors that may impact on prostate cancer risk and progression;
  • Environmental and occupational factors that impact on prostate cancer risk and progression;
  • The contribution of specific genetic anomalies to the risk of prostate cancer mortality;
  • Clinical efforts to increase uptake of genetic testing in patient populations;
  • Highlights from recent meetings regarding prostate cancer genetic risk;
  • Population-level work on novel biomarkers for prostate cancer risk.

I look forward to receiving your contributions.

Prof. Dr. Steven Narod
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Cancers is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • prostate cancer
  • epidemiology
  • clinical genetics
  • aging
  • population-level databases

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 1386 KiB  
Article
Can the Epstein–Barr Virus Play a Role in the Development of Prostate Cancer?
by Jacek Kiś, Magdalena Góralczyk, Dominika Sikora, Ewa Stępień, Bartłomiej Drop and Małgorzata Polz-Dacewicz
Cancers 2024, 16(2), 328; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16020328 - 11 Jan 2024
Viewed by 1191
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the fourth most frequently diagnosed cancer worldwide, accounting for 7.3% of all cancers. PCa mortality is the fifth most common cause of cancer death. Despite well-known factors influencing the development of PCa, such as age, race/ethnicity and family history, [...] Read more.
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the fourth most frequently diagnosed cancer worldwide, accounting for 7.3% of all cancers. PCa mortality is the fifth most common cause of cancer death. Despite well-known factors influencing the development of PCa, such as age, race/ethnicity and family history, many researchers have raised the possibility of persistent infections with oncogenic viruses. Therefore, we aimed to assess the frequency of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) DNA in tissue collected from PCa patients. Next, the frequency and the level of Epstein–Barr virus capsid antigen (EBVCA) and Epstein–Barr nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) antibodies in both IgA and IgG classes were measured. The antibody titer was also analyzed depending on the risk group, Gleason score (GS) and tumor, node, metastasis (TNM) classification. Serum samples were analyzed using the Microblot-Array EBV IgM, IgA and IgG test kits. The study group consisted of 115 patients diagnosed and histopathologically confirmed with PCa. In 49% of patients included in the study, EBV DNA was detected in the tumor tissue. The studies showed both higher seroprevalence and higher antibody titers in patients with EBV-positive PCa compared to patients with EBV-negative PCa. We also observed a dependence of antibody titer on pathological features, such as GS, risk group and T stage. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Prostate Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics)
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12 pages, 1836 KiB  
Article
Do Obesity-Related Traits Affect Prostate Cancer Risk through Serum Testosterone? A Mendelian Randomization Study
by Chi Yuan, Zhongyu Jian, Shijian Feng, Menghua Wang, Liyuan Xiang, Hong Li, Xi Jin and Kunjie Wang
Cancers 2023, 15(19), 4884; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15194884 - 8 Oct 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1396
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to investigate whether testosterone mediates or confounds the effect of obesity-related traits on prostate cancer (PCa) using Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Materials and Methods: Data of obesity-related traits (body mass index [BMI], waist-to-hip ratio [WHR], and waist-to-hip ratio adjusted [...] Read more.
Objective: This study aimed to investigate whether testosterone mediates or confounds the effect of obesity-related traits on prostate cancer (PCa) using Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Materials and Methods: Data of obesity-related traits (body mass index [BMI], waist-to-hip ratio [WHR], and waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for body mass index [WHRadjBMI]) were obtained from up to 806,834 people of European ancestry; data of testosterone (bioavailable testosterone [BT], total testosterone [TT], and sex hormone-binding globulin [SHBG]) were extracted from up to 194,453 participants in the UK Biobank; and the summary-level data of PCa (79,194 cases and 61,112 controls) were obtained from the PRACTICAL consortium. Result: The results supported the causal relationship between higher BMI and a reduced risk of PCa (OR = 0.91, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.86–0.96). Furthermore, increased BT levels were associated with an elevated risk of PCa (OR = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.06–1.24). Importantly, our analysis revealed a unidirectional causal effect—higher BMI was linked to lower BT levels (beta = −0.27, 95% CI: −0.3–−0.24), but not the other way around. This suggests that BT may mediate the effect of BMI on PCa rather than confound it. Our multivariable MR results further demonstrated that considering BT as a mediator led to the weakening of BMI’s effect on PCa risk (OR = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.90–1.05), while the impact of BT on PCa remained unchanged when accounting for BMI. Moreover, we identified a significant indirect effect of BMI on PCa risk (OR = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.94–0.98). Conclusion: Our study provided genetic evidence that serum BT can mediate the effect of BMI on the risk of PCa, indicating the possible mechanism by which obesity reduces PCa risk. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Prostate Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics)
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10 pages, 2267 KiB  
Article
Reduced Racial Disparity as a Result of Survival Improvement in Prostate Cancer
by Baoyi Zhang, Jianrong Li, Mabel Tang and Chao Cheng
Cancers 2023, 15(15), 3977; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15153977 - 4 Aug 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 851
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a cancer type associated with a high level of racial and socioeconomic disparities as reported by many previous studies. However, the changes in these disparities in the past two decades have not been systematically studied. In this study, we investigated [...] Read more.
Prostate cancer is a cancer type associated with a high level of racial and socioeconomic disparities as reported by many previous studies. However, the changes in these disparities in the past two decades have not been systematically studied. In this study, we investigated the Surveillance Epidemiology End Results (SEER) data for prostate cancer patients diagnosed during 2004–2018. African Americans and Asians showed significantly better and worse cancer-specific survival (CSS), respectively, compared to non-Hispanic white individuals after adjusting for confounding factors such as age and cancer stage. Importantly, the data indicated that racial disparities fluctuated and reached the highest level during 2009–2013, and thereafter, it showed a substantial improvement. Such a change cannot be explained by the improvement in early diagnosis but is mainly driven by the differential improvement in CSS between races. Compared with Asians and non-Hispanic whites, African American patients achieved a more significant survival improvement during 2014–2018, while no significant improvement was observed for Hispanics. In addition, the SEER data showed that high-income patients had significantly longer CSS than low-income patients. Such a socioeconomic disparity was continuously increasing during 2004–2018, which was caused by the increased survival benefits of the high-income patients with respect to the low-income patients. Our study suggests that more efforts and resources should be allocated to improve the treatment of patients with low socioeconomic status. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Prostate Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics)
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12 pages, 1949 KiB  
Article
The Effect of Age on Prostate Cancer Survival
by Roderick Clark, Danny Vesprini and Steven A. Narod
Cancers 2022, 14(17), 4149; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14174149 - 27 Aug 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 4999
Abstract
It is not clear to what extent the age of diagnosis and the attained age impact on cancer mortality rates in men with newly diagnosed prostate cancer. We estimated annual prostate cancer mortality rates and 20-year survival rates according to the age of [...] Read more.
It is not clear to what extent the age of diagnosis and the attained age impact on cancer mortality rates in men with newly diagnosed prostate cancer. We estimated annual prostate cancer mortality rates and 20-year survival rates according to the age of diagnosis, race, grade and time since diagnosis using data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End-Results (SEER) program. We identified 116,796 prostate cancer patients diagnosed between 1992 and 1997 and followed them for 20 years. There were 21,896 deaths from prostate cancer. We calculated actuarial survival rates and annual prostate cancer mortality rates by age of diagnosis and by tumor grade. The risk of a man dying of prostate cancer was 17% for men diagnosed before age 70 and was 21% for those diagnosed after age 70. The mean annual prostate cancer mortality rate calculated over the 20-year period post-diagnosis was 1.5%. The annual rate increased from 0.9% for those diagnosed below age 60 to 2.1% for those diagnosed above age 70. For men with Gleason score ≥ 7 prostate cancer, the annual prostate cancer mortality rate peaked 2–3 years after diagnosis and then declined. For men diagnosed with Gleason score ≤ 6 prostate cancer, the annual prostate cancer mortality rate continued to rise 20 years after diagnosis and peaked after age 85. This suggests that high-grade prostate cancers are aggressive from the outset, but that low-grade prostate cancers may enter a state of dormancy and reactivate as the patient ages. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Prostate Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics)
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11 pages, 1535 KiB  
Article
Incidence, Mortality, and Trends of Prostate Cancer in Mexico from 2000 to 2019: Results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
by Saul A. Beltran-Ontiveros, Martha A. Fernandez-Galindo, Jose M. Moreno-Ortiz, Jose A. Contreras-Gutierrez, Jesus Madueña-Molina, Eliakym Arambula-Meraz, Emir Leal-Leon, Delia M. Becerril-Camacho, Veronica J. Picos-Cardenas, Carla Angulo-Rojo, Diana Z. Velazquez, Francisco Jimenez-Trejo, Francisco Gallardo-Vera and Daniel Diaz
Cancers 2022, 14(13), 3184; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14133184 - 29 Jun 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2518
Abstract
In 2019, the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) estimated that prostate cancer (PC) was the 16th most common cause of death globally in males. In Mexico, PC epidemiology has been studied by a number of metrics and over various periods, although without including [...] Read more.
In 2019, the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) estimated that prostate cancer (PC) was the 16th most common cause of death globally in males. In Mexico, PC epidemiology has been studied by a number of metrics and over various periods, although without including the most up-to-date estimates. Herein, we describe and compare the burdens and trends of PC in Mexico and its 32 states from 2000 to 2019. For this study, we extracted online available data from the GBD 2019 to estimate the crude and age-standardized rates (ASR per 100,000 people) of the incidence and mortality of PC. In Mexico, PC caused 27.1 thousand (95% uncertainty intervals, 20.6–36.0 thousand) incident cases and 9.2 thousand (7.7–12.7 thousand) deaths in males of all ages in 2019. Among the states, Sinaloa had the greatest ASR of incidence, and Guerrero had the highest mortality. The burden of PC showed an increasing trend, although the magnitude of change differed between metrics and locations. We found both an increasing national trend and subnational variation in the burden of PC. Our results confirm the need for updated and timely estimates to design effective diagnostic and treatment campaigns in locations where the burden of PC is the highest. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Prostate Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics)
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