Genomic Alterations in Leukemia (Volume II)

A special issue of Cancers (ISSN 2072-6694). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Cancer Biology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2024) | Viewed by 1476

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
Interests: acute myeloid leukemia; acute lymphoblastic leukemia; genomics; functional modeling; targeted therapy; genome editing; single-cell sequencing
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Acute leukemias, including both acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML), are driven by constellations of genetic alterations with clinical, prognostic and therapeutic implications. The detection of these alterations and their associated transcriptional signatures is crucial for diagnosis, risk assessment and treatment. The dynamic and intricated heterogeneity of leukemic cells with the expansion of resistant clones may promote disease persistence or recurrence. Recently, the use of single-cell technologies has enabled us to dissect clonal heterogeneity, refine cell developmental state composition and explore interactions with the microenvironment, enhancing our understanding of acute leukemia pathogenesis and therapeutic responsiveness.

Rapid progress in genetic discovery has been accompanied by the growing development of faithful cellular and in vivo models, such as genetically engineered mice and xenografts of patient-derived cells in immune-deficient mice, which have elucidated the role of leukemia drivers and highlighted the importance of cellular origin.

Moreover, recent advances in computational analysis methods and machine learning models offer opportunities to advance diagnosis, predict prognosis, and guide therapy.

This Special Issue will highlight the current state of the art in both ALL and AML and discuss future perspectives to improve the analysis of acute leukemia at both bulk and single-cell resolution and advance clinical management and therapeutic approaches.

Dr. Ilaria Iacobucci
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • acute leukemia
  • functional genomics
  • classification
  • single cells
  • germline predisposition
  • mouse models
  • genome editing
  • machine learning
  • therapeutic targeting

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

16 pages, 1111 KiB  
Article
Detection of KMT2A Partial Tandem Duplication by Optical Genome Mapping in Myeloid Neoplasms: Associated Cytogenetics, Gene Mutations, Treatment Responses, and Patient Outcomes
by Qing Wei, Shimin Hu, Jie Xu, Sanam Loghavi, Naval Daver, Gokce A. Toruner, Wei Wang, L. Jeffrey Medeiros and Guilin Tang
Cancers 2024, 16(24), 4193; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16244193 - 16 Dec 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1144
Abstract
KMT2A partial tandem duplication (PTD) involves intragenic KMT2A duplications and has been associated with poorer prognosis. In this study, we evaluated KMT2A PTD in 1277 patients with hematological malignancies using optical genome mapping (OGM). KMT2A PTD was detected in 35 patients with acute [...] Read more.
KMT2A partial tandem duplication (PTD) involves intragenic KMT2A duplications and has been associated with poorer prognosis. In this study, we evaluated KMT2A PTD in 1277 patients with hematological malignancies using optical genome mapping (OGM). KMT2A PTD was detected in 35 patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) (7%), 5 patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) (2.2%), and 5 patients with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) (7.1%). The PTDs varied in size, region, and copy number. An Archer RNA fusion assay confirmed KMT2A PTD in all 25 patients tested: 15 spanning exons 2 to 8 and 10 spanning exons 2 to 10. Most patients exhibited a normal (n = 21) or non-complex (n = 20) karyotype. The most common chromosomal abnormalities included loss of 20q or 7q and trisomy 11/gain of 11q. All patients had gene mutations, with FLT3 ITD and DNMT3A prevalent in AML and DNMT3A and RUNX1 common in MDS and CMML. Among patients who received treatment and had at least one follow-up bone marrow evaluation, 82% of those with de novo AML achieved complete remission after initial induction chemotherapy, whereas 90% of patients with secondary or refractory/relapsed AML showed refractory or partial responses. All but one patient with MDS and CMML were refractory to therapy. We conclude that OGM is an effective tool for detecting KMT2A PTD. Neoplasms with KMT2A PTD frequently harbor gene mutations and display normal or non-complex karyotypes. Patients with KMT2A PTD are generally refractory to conventional therapy, except for de novo AML. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Genomic Alterations in Leukemia (Volume II))
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