Dear Colleagues,

Neuroblastoma (NB) is a prevalent extracranial solid tumor that develops in children. NB can spontaneously regress or develop and metastasize, exhibiting therapy resistance. This tumor develops typically in the adrenal medulla and paraspinal ganglia and arises from primitive cells, primarily those of the neural crest, in the sympathetic nervous system. Documenting abnormalities at the genome, epigenome, and transcriptome levels, our knowledge of the molecular characteristics of human NBs continues to advance. The MYCN transcriptional regulator is highly expressed in the neural crest and is amplified in high-risk malignancies. Studies on the biology of NB have enabled a more precise risk stratification strategy and a concomitant reduction in the number of cases requiring treatment. To enhance outcomes and survival rates in these high-risk patients, a multicomponent therapeutic approach is required. Clinical staging of the disease and assessment of the associated risks based on biological, clinical, surgical, and pathological criteria are of the utmost importance for determining prognosis and planning effective therapeutic strategies. These reviews will examine the staging of neuroblastoma (NB), as well as the disease's biological and genetic characteristics, and several current therapies, including targeted chemotherapy delivery, novel radiation therapy, and immunotherapy for NB.

Dr. Praveen Bhoopathi
Guest Editor

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• neuroblastoma
• chemotherapy
• neuroendocrine
• primitive neuroectodermal tumors
• epigenome
• chemoresistance