Treatment Response Biomarkers in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: From Basic Science to Clinical Validation

A special issue of Cancers (ISSN 2072-6694). This special issue belongs to the section "Cancer Therapy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 June 2025 | Viewed by 522

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Ochsner Health System, New Orleans, LA, USA
Interests: hepatocellular carcinoma; prognostic biomarkers; liver-directed therapy; immune checkpoint inhibitors; combination therapy

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Despite recent developments in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) surveillance and treatment options, early diagnosis rates remain stable as incidence rates and cancer-related mortality continue to rise. At diagnosis, more than 80% of HCC is unresectable, with 40% being in the advanced stage. While advancements in liver-directed therapy (LDT), immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) regimens, and combination therapies continue to incrementally improve overall patient outcomes, the need to identify treatment responders and optimal treatment pathways has never been more apparent.

Research in HCC biomarkers for treatment response prognosis in both liver-directed and systemic therapy has been plagued by poor clinical translation. This has been partially driven by an overreliance on transcriptional databases (e.g., The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus) as clinical validation for treatment outcomes and pathways to noninvasive biomarker assessment. There is a pressing need for treatment response biomarker discovery in prospective/observational, biospecimen-based cohorts with highly defined patient populations and treatment algorithms. This Special Issue will focus on prognostic biomarkers for treatment responders to LDT, ICI, and combination LDT-ICI therapies, which utilize basic science/translational research approaches with an emphasis on investigator-initiated, prospective, biospecimen-based validation studies. 

Dr. Paul T. Thevenot
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • hepatocellular carcinoma
  • prognostic biomarkers
  • liver-directed therapy
  • immune checkpoint inhibitors
  • combination therapy

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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9 pages, 251 KiB  
Commentary
Surgery or Percutaneous Ablation for Liver Tumors? The Key Points Are: When, Where, and How Large
by Paola Tombesi, Andrea Cutini, Francesca Di Vece, Valentina Grasso, Ugo Politti, Eleonora Capatti and Sergio Sartori
Cancers 2025, 17(8), 1344; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers17081344 - 16 Apr 2025
Viewed by 261
Abstract
The most recent comparisons between liver resection (LR) and percutaneous thermal ablation (PTA) reported similar efficacy and survival outcomes for primary and secondary liver tumors ≤ 3 cm in size. Nevertheless, LR still remains the most popular treatment strategy worldwide, and percutaneous ablation [...] Read more.
The most recent comparisons between liver resection (LR) and percutaneous thermal ablation (PTA) reported similar efficacy and survival outcomes for primary and secondary liver tumors ≤ 3 cm in size. Nevertheless, LR still remains the most popular treatment strategy worldwide, and percutaneous ablation is usually reserved to patients who are not surgical candidates. However, in our opinion, the debate should no longer be what is the most effective treatment for patients with resectable small liver cancer who are not candidates for liver transplantation, but rather when LR or PTA are best suited to the individual patient. Subcapsular tumors or tumors closely adjacent to critical structures or vulnerable organs should undergo LR because ablation can often not achieve an adequate safety margin. Conversely, PTA should be considered the first choice to treat central tumors because it has lower complication rates, lower costs, and shorter hospital stay. Furthermore, recent technical improvements in tumor targeting and accurate assessment of the extent of the safety margin, such as stereotactic navigation, fusion imaging and software powered by Artificial Intelligence enabling the immediate comparison between the pre-procedure planned margins and the ablation area, are also changing the approach to tumors larger than 3 cm. The next trials should be aimed at investigating up to what tumor size PTA supported by these advanced technologies can achieve outcomes comparable to LR. Full article
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