Genetics and Precision Medicine of Hepatobiliary Cancers and Pancreatic Cancers

A special issue of Cancers (ISSN 2072-6694). This special issue belongs to the section "Cancer Pathophysiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2021) | Viewed by 7651

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Gastroenterology, Red-cross Osaka Hospital, Fudegasakicho 5-30, Tennojiku, Osaka, Japan
Interests: cancer genome; hepatocellular carcinoma; pancreatic cancer; inflammation
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Recent innovations in next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies are undergoing a paradigm shift in cancer diagnosis and treatment strategy. The NGS-based comprehensive genomic profiling assay is approved as a broad companion diagnostic that is clinically and analytically validated for various solid tumors. On the other hand, liquid biopsy is a minimally invasive procedure and can decrease the demand for tumor tissue samples. Recent progress of NGS-based assays has increased the sensitivity and specificity for detection of the mutant alleles in the liquid biopsy method, which supports the potential of liquid biopsy for diagnosis, early detection, selection of therapy, and monitoring the response to therapy. Therefore, the combination of medicinal innovation and NGS-based assays would mark a new era of precision cancer medicine.

In this Special Issue, we will focus on the genetics and precision medicine of cancers developed in the liver, bile duct and pancreas, and welcome submissions of original research and review manuscripts that cover basic and/or clinical aspects of hepatocellular carcinoma, biliary and pancreatic cancers.

Dr. Hiroyuki Marusawa
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • liver cancer
  • bile duct cancer
  • pancreatic cancer
  • genetics
  • precision medicine
  • next-generation sequencing
  • liquid biopsy
  • early detection
  • therapy

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Review

14 pages, 315 KiB  
Review
Precision Medicine of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancers: Focusing on Clinical Trial Outcomes
by Takehiko Tsumura, Keitaro Doi and Hiroyuki Marusawa
Cancers 2022, 14(15), 3674; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14153674 - 28 Jul 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3302
Abstract
Tumor-agnostic precision medicine employing comprehensive genome profiling (CGP) and using next-generation sequencing (NGS) has been progressing recently. This review focuses on precision medicine for advanced unresectable hepatobiliary and pancreatic cancers. In this paper, for biliary tract cancer (BTC), therapies that target several regulators [...] Read more.
Tumor-agnostic precision medicine employing comprehensive genome profiling (CGP) and using next-generation sequencing (NGS) has been progressing recently. This review focuses on precision medicine for advanced unresectable hepatobiliary and pancreatic cancers. In this paper, for biliary tract cancer (BTC), therapies that target several regulators of cancer cell growth, including isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1), fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) fusion, proto-oncogene B-Raf (BRAF), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) alterations, are reviewed. For pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), therapies for Kirsten rat sarcoma virus (KRAS) gene mutation G12C, neuregulin (NRG)1, and breast cancer type 1 and 2 susceptibility (BRCA1/2), gene alterations are summarized. On the other hand, precision medicine targets were not established for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), although telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), tumor protein P53 (TP53), and Wnt/β catenin signaling alterations have been recognized as HCC driver oncogenes. Tumor-agnostic therapies for microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) and neurotropic tyrosine receptor kinase (NTRK) fusion cancers effectively treat biliary and pancreatic cancers. Precision medicine methods developed using NGS of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) and utilizing a liquid biopsy technique are discussed. Full article
20 pages, 1643 KiB  
Review
Genetic Landscape of Multistep Hepatocarcinogenesis
by Haruhiko Takeda, Atsushi Takai, Yuji Eso, Ken Takahashi, Hiroyuki Marusawa and Hiroshi Seno
Cancers 2022, 14(3), 568; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14030568 - 23 Jan 2022
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3602
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Although several targeted therapy agents are available for advanced HCC, their antitumor efficacy remains limited. As the complex genetic landscape of HCC would compromise the antitumor efficacy of targeted therapy, a deeper [...] Read more.
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Although several targeted therapy agents are available for advanced HCC, their antitumor efficacy remains limited. As the complex genetic landscape of HCC would compromise the antitumor efficacy of targeted therapy, a deeper understanding of the genetic landscape of hepatocarcinogenesis is necessary. Recent comprehensive genetic analyses have revealed the driver genes of HCC, which accumulate during the multistage process of hepatocarcinogenesis, facilitating HCC genetic heterogeneity. In addition, as early genetic changes may represent key therapeutic targets, the genetic landscapes of early HCC and precancerous liver tissues have been characterized in recent years, in parallel with the advancement of next-generation sequencing analysis. In this review article, we first summarize the landscape of the liver cancer genome and its intratumor heterogeneity. We then introduce recent insight on early genetic alterations in hepatocarcinogenesis, especially those in early HCC and noncancerous liver tissues. Finally, we summarize the multistep accumulation of genetic aberrations throughout cancer progression and discuss the future perspective towards the clinical application of this genetic information. Full article
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