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Cancers
Special Issues
2nd Edition of New Therapeutic Strategies for Acute Myeloid Leukemia
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2nd Edition of New Therapeutic Strategies for Acute Myeloid Leukemia

A special issue of Cancers (ISSN 2072-6694). This special issue belongs to the section "Cancer Therapy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 November 2023) | Viewed by 1812

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Christian Récher

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Haematology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer Toulouse Oncopole, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, Toulouse Cedex 9, France
Interests: acute myeloid leukemia; leukemic stem cells; targeted therapies; oncometabolism; inflammation; clinical trials
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This collection is the second edition of the Special Issue “New Therapeutic Strategies for Acute Myeloid Leukemia” (https://www.mdpi.com/journal/cancers/special_issues/therapeutic_leukemia).

In acute myeloid leukemia research, the last twenty years have been shaped by the advent of novel biology technologies including high-throughput sequencing or multiparameter flow cytometry that improved prognostic classification and response evaluation through the quantification of residual disease and the launch of research on targeted therapies. Our knowledge of leukemogenesis, AML genetic diversity, gene-gene interactions, clonal evolution and treatment response assessment has also greatly improved. New classifications based on chromosomal abnormalities and gene mutations are now integrated on a routine basis. These considerable efforts contributed to the discovery and development of promising drugs, which specifically target gene mutations, apoptotic pathways, and cell surface antigens. In just a few years, nine novel drugs have been approved for the treatment of newly diagnosed or relapse/refractory AML patients and many others are being intensively investigated, in particular immune therapies. There are now numerous clinical research opportunities offered to clinicians thanks to these new treatment options. We are only at the start of a new era, which should see major disruptions in the way we understand, treat, and monitor patients with AML.

In this Special Issue, the experts will discuss recent developments and outline the most promising areas of clinical development in the field of AML.

Prof. Dr. Christian Récher
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Cancers is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • acute myeloid leukemia
  • targeted therapy
  • immune therapy
  • chemotherapy
  • chemoresistance
  • minimal/measurable residual disease
  • maintenance treatment
  • allogeneic stem cell transplantation

Published Papers (2 papers)

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12 pages, 861 KiB  
Article
Safety and Efficacy of High-Dose Chemotherapy with TreoMel 200 vs. TreoMel 140 in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients Undergoing Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation
by Matthias Eggimann, Dilara Akhoundova, Henning Nilius, Michèle Hoffmann, Michael Hayoz, Yolanda Aebi, Carlo R. Largiadèr, Michael Daskalakis, Ulrike Bacher and Thomas Pabst
Cancers 2024, 16(10), 1887; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16101887 - 15 May 2024
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Abstract
(1) Background: Treosulfan and melphalan (TreoMel)-based high-dose chemotherapy (HDCT) has shown promising safety and efficacy as a conditioning regimen for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients undergoing autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). However, despite intensive first-line induction treatment and upfront consolidation with HDCT and [...] Read more.
(1) Background: Treosulfan and melphalan (TreoMel)-based high-dose chemotherapy (HDCT) has shown promising safety and efficacy as a conditioning regimen for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients undergoing autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). However, despite intensive first-line induction treatment and upfront consolidation with HDCT and ASCT, AML relapse rates are still high, and further efforts are needed to improve patient outcomes. The aim of this study was to compare two melphalan dose schedules in regard to the safety of TreoMel HDCT and patient outcomes. (2) Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the safety and efficacy of two melphalan dose schedules combined with standard-dose treosulfan in AML patients undergoing HDCT and ASCT at the University Hospital of Bern, Switzerland, between August 2019 and August 2023. Patients received treosulfan 42 g/m2 combined with either melphalan 140 mg/m2 (TreoMel 140) or melphalan 200 mg/m2 (TreoMel 200). Co-primary endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), as well as safety profile. (3) Results: We included a total of 51 AML patients: 31 (60.8%) received TreoMel 140 and 20 (39.2%) TreoMel 200. The patients’ basal characteristics were comparable between both cohorts. No significant differences in the duration of hospitalization or the adverse event profile were identified. There were no statistically significant differences in relapse (0.45 vs. 0.30, p = 0.381) and mortality rates (0.42 vs. 0.15, p = 0.064) between the melphalan 140 mg/m2 and 200 mg/m2 cohorts, nor for PFS (HR: 0.81, 95% CI: 0.29–2.28, p = 0.70) or OS (HR: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.19–2.57, p = 0.59) for the TreoMel 140 vs. TreoMel 200 cohort. (4) Conclusions: A higher dose of melphalan (TreoMel 200) was well tolerated overall. No statistically significant differences for patient outcomes could be observed, possibly due to the relatively small patient cohort and the short follow-up. A longer follow-up and prospective randomized studies would be required to confirm the safety profile and clinical benefit. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 2nd Edition of New Therapeutic Strategies for Acute Myeloid Leukemia)
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Review

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21 pages, 934 KiB  
Review
Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: State of the Art and Recent Advances
by Martina Canichella, Matteo Molica, Carla Mazzone and Paolo de Fabritiis
Cancers 2024, 16(1), 42; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16010042 - 20 Dec 2023
Viewed by 1197
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptors (CAR)-T-cell therapy represents the most important innovation in onco-hematology in recent years. The progress achieved in the management of complications and the latest generations of CAR-T-cells have made it possible to anticipate in second-line the indication of this type of [...] Read more.
Chimeric antigen receptors (CAR)-T-cell therapy represents the most important innovation in onco-hematology in recent years. The progress achieved in the management of complications and the latest generations of CAR-T-cells have made it possible to anticipate in second-line the indication of this type of treatment in large B-cell lymphoma. While some types of B-cell lymphomas and B-cell acute lymphoid leukemia have shown extremely promising results, the same cannot be said for myeloid leukemias—in particular, acute myeloid leukemia (AML), which would require innovative therapies more than any other blood disease. The heterogeneities of AML cells and the immunological complexity of the interactions between the bone marrow microenvironment and leukemia cells have been found to be major obstacles to the clinical development of CAR-T in AML. In this review, we report on the main results obtained in AML clinical trials, the preclinical studies testing potential CAR-T constructs, and future perspectives. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 2nd Edition of New Therapeutic Strategies for Acute Myeloid Leukemia)
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