New Advances in the Diagnosis of Gynecological Cancer

A special issue of Cancers (ISSN 2072-6694). This special issue belongs to the section "Cancer Causes, Screening and Diagnosis".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 16 May 2025 | Viewed by 1223

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Odontostomatologic and Specialized Clinical Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
Interests: pre-invasive and invasive cervical lesions; pre-invasive and invasive endometrial pathology; gynecologic oncology; endoscopy
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Guest Editor
Gynecologic Section, Department of Odontostomatologic and Specialized Clinical Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60213 Ancona, Italy
Interests: pathology of the lower genital tract disease; HPV related disaese; HPV vaccination; HPV genotype distribution
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Over the past years, we have witnessed significant strides in the diagnosis of gynecological cancer. These advancements, driven by technological innovations, imaging, molecular biology, and personalized medicine, are novel and crucial. For instance, liquid biopsy, a non-invasive method that involves analyzing circulating tumor DNA and other biomarkers in blood samples, is gaining momentum in diagnosing and monitoring gynecological cancers. Similarly, molecular profiling techniques, like next-generation sequencing and gene expression profiling, are revolutionizing how we understand gynecological cancers. The development of artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms with which to analyze medical imaging data, including MRI, CT, and ultrasound scans, for the early detection and characterization of gynecological tumors, is another significant breakthrough. These diagnostic advances promise to improve outcomes in gynecological cancer by enabling earlier detection, more accurate risk stratification, and tailored therapeutic interventions.

Prof. Dr. Andrea Ciavattini
Dr. Luca Giannella
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • endometrial cancer
  • ovarian cancer
  • cervical cancer
  • vulvar cancer
  • liquid biopsy
  • molecular profiling
  • artificial intelligence and machine learning
  • advanced imaging modalities

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

12 pages, 244 KiB  
Article
Microsatellite Instability as a Risk Factor for Occult Lymph Node Metastasis in Early-Stage Endometrial Cancer: A Retrospective Multicenter Study
by Carlo Ronsini, Stefano Restaino, Federico Paparcura, Giuseppe Vizzielli, Antonio Raffone, Mariano Catello Di Donna, Giuseppe Cucinella, Vito Chiantera and Pasquale De Franciscis
Cancers 2025, 17(7), 1162; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers17071162 - 30 Mar 2025
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Abstract
Objectives: This study investigates the association between microsatellite instability (MSI) and the risk of occult lymph node metastases (LNMs) in patients with early-stage endometrial cancer (EC) who showed no evidence of nodal involvement on preoperative imaging. Methods: A retrospective multicenter cohort study was [...] Read more.
Objectives: This study investigates the association between microsatellite instability (MSI) and the risk of occult lymph node metastases (LNMs) in patients with early-stage endometrial cancer (EC) who showed no evidence of nodal involvement on preoperative imaging. Methods: A retrospective multicenter cohort study was conducted, including 237 patients with EC who underwent primary staging surgery between January 2022 and October 2024. The patients were stratified into two groups based on MSI status. The primary outcome was the prevalence of occult LNMs. Statistical analyses included univariate and multivariate logistic regression models, adjusting for potential confounders such as tumor grading and lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI). The significance of the models was assessed using the maximum likelihood method and Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC). Measures to reduce bias included blinding the data analyst, standardization of histopathological evaluation, and exclusion of patients with genetic conditions predisposing to MSI. Results: The MSI group had a significantly higher incidence of occult LNMs compared to the MSS group (19% vs. 6.7%, p = 0.005). The multivariate analysis confirmed MSI as an independent risk factor for LNMs (OR = 1.105, 95% CI 1.016–1.202, p = 0.020). The sub-analysis showed that loss of MLH1/PMS2 or both MLH1/PMS2 and MSH2/MSH6 heterodimers further increased LNMs risk, independently from other risk factors. Conclusions: MSI is independently associated with a higher risk of occult LNMs in early-stage EC, suggesting a potential role for MSI profiling in refining lymph node staging strategies. Future prospective studies should assess the prognostic impact of this association and its implications for surgical decision-making. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advances in the Diagnosis of Gynecological Cancer)
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