The Role of Apoptosis and Autophagy in Cancer

A special issue of Cancers (ISSN 2072-6694). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Cancer Biology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 July 2025 | Viewed by 1467

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, USA
Interests: autophagy;cell death; colon cancer

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is the oldest known pathway of cell death. Previously, it was understood to involve morphological changes in cells that lead to death. Over the last three decades, extensive research has advanced our understanding of this pathway. Apoptosis in cancer cells mostly follows intrinsic or mitochondrial pathways in response to chemotherapeutic drugs. On the other hand, cytokines produced by immune cells induce an extrinsic pathway of cell death. Autophagy is a highly orchestrated lysosome-dependent process in cells that eliminates damaged organelles or proteins to maintain cellular homeostasis and survival. Numerous studies recognize autophagy as a double-edged sword in cancer. Cellular stress can activate autophagy, attenuate cellular processes, and lead to senescence. Autophagy can also help cancer cells to escape metabolic stress, promoting tumorigenesis. Recent advancements suggest that cancer cells activate autophagy in response to chemotherapeutic drugs as a pivotal mechanism of drug resistance. Recent research also suggests that using preclinical drugs to inhibit autophagy could be an attractive therapeutic opportunity for advanced-stage cancers. Recently, apoptosis–autophagy crosstalk has gained significant attention in actively growing cancer. Therefore, the targeting of these two pathways is still a significant avenue of research.

This Special Issue will cover all aspects of autophagy and apoptosis in cancer, including (but not limited to) the following:

  • Mechanisms of macroautophagy and mitophagy in cancer;
  • Mechanisms of different types of cell death in cancer;
  • Mechanisms of novel and FDA-approved drugs and immunotherapy in autophagy and apoptosis;
  • Crosstalk between autophagy and apoptosis in cancer.  

Dr. Souren Paul
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • apoptosis
  • cell death
  • tumor

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 3003 KiB  
Article
Prognostic Value of LC3A Protein Expression Patterns in Rectal Cancer Tumors
by Vincent Ho, Liping Chung, Tristan Rutland, Vivienne Lea, Stephanie H. Lim, Askar Abubakar, Weng Ng, Mark Lee, Tara L. Roberts, Wei Chua, Scott Mackenzie and Cheok Soon Lee
Cancers 2025, 17(9), 1568; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers17091568 - 5 May 2025
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Abstract
Background/Objectives: Autophagy is a conserved self-degradation process by which cells break down and recycle their cellular constituents. This process is activated by various stressors, including nutrient deprivation and DNA damage, and has also been associated with tumor progression. In the present study, [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Autophagy is a conserved self-degradation process by which cells break down and recycle their cellular constituents. This process is activated by various stressors, including nutrient deprivation and DNA damage, and has also been associated with tumor progression. In the present study, we aimed to determine the expression patterns, clinicopathological significance, and prognostic value of the autophagy marker microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 alpha (LC3A)—an essential component of autophagic vacuoles—in rectal cancer. Methods: LC3A reactivity was measured by immunohistochemistry in tumor samples from 243 patients who underwent surgery for rectal cancer. Results: Three distinct patterns of LC3A expression were identified: diffuse cytoplasmic, perinuclear, and stone-like structures (SLS). In Kaplan–Meier survival analyses, patients positive for the SLS pattern of LC3A staining in the tumor periphery (TP) had worse overall survival (OS; p = 0.001) and disease-free survival (DFS; p = 0.030) than those without SLSs in this region, as determined by the log–rank test. When patients were stratified by tumor stage, this result was significant in those with stage T3–T4 (OS, p < 0.001; DFS, p = 0.001) but not T1–T2 disease. Multivariate Cox regression analysis further showed an association between TP-localized LC3A SLS positivity and reduced OS for the overall cohort (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.6313, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.090–6.349, p = 0.031) and specifically those in the T3–T4 subgroup (HR = 3.347, 95% CI: 1.657–6.760, p = 0.001). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that positivity for SLSs in the TP may hold clinical value as a biomarker for survival prognosis in rectal cancer patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Apoptosis and Autophagy in Cancer)
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Review

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15 pages, 688 KiB  
Review
Targeting Autophagy for Pituitary Tumors
by Evan Yin, Motoyasu Satou and Toru Tateno
Cancers 2025, 17(9), 1402; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers17091402 - 23 Apr 2025
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Abstract
Pituitary tumors, arising from the pituitary gland, can be classified as functioning or non-functioning based on their hormone production. Previous studies demonstrated that impairment of cellular processes, such as autophagy, a crucial cellular recycling mechanism, has been implicated in pituitary tumorigenesis and hormone [...] Read more.
Pituitary tumors, arising from the pituitary gland, can be classified as functioning or non-functioning based on their hormone production. Previous studies demonstrated that impairment of cellular processes, such as autophagy, a crucial cellular recycling mechanism, has been implicated in pituitary tumorigenesis and hormone dysregulation. This review comprehensively examines the intricate relationship between autophagy and pituitary tumors. We explore the multifaceted role of autophagy in cancer, highlighting its dual nature as both a tumor suppressor and a promoter depending on the context. We also discuss the specific mechanisms of autophagy, including macroautophagy, mitophagy, crinophagy, and their relevance to pituitary tumorigenesis and hormone regulation. Furthermore, we analyze the current literature regarding the impact of various therapeutic interventions in pituitary tumor cells, with both autophagy-promoting and autophagy-inhibiting strategies. We address the challenges in interpreting autophagy activity and its complex interplay with hormone production. Current evidence suggests the potential of targeting autophagy as a therapeutic approach for pituitary tumors, emphasizing further research and clinical trials to determine the optimal strategy for individual patients and improve long-term outcomes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Apoptosis and Autophagy in Cancer)
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