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Cancers
Special Issues
Advancements in Treatment Approaches for AML
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Advancements in Treatment Approaches for AML

A special issue of Cancers (ISSN 2072-6694). This special issue belongs to the section "Methods and Technologies Development".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 March 2026 | Viewed by 4122

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Semra Aydin

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Oncology, Hematology, Immuno-Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
Interests: AML; allogeneic HSCT; poor graft function; maintenance treatment
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Raheel Iftikhar

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Armed Forces Bone Marrow Transplant Centre, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
Interests: molecular pathogenesis of acute leukemia; management in elderly; novel targeted agents; haploidentical HSCT
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are excited to announce the call for contributions to this Special Issue on "Advancements in Treatment Approaches for AML", focusing on the advancements in diagnosis, prognostication, and treatment strategies for acute myeloid leukemia (AML).

This Special Issue aims to explore novel diagnostic and treatment strategies throughout the entire spectrum of AML treatment across various settings. We invite you to share your valuable research and insights in the form of original research articles and reviews. Through the course of collaborating with experts, we aim to ensure the success of this endeavor.

Potential research areas for this Special Issue include, but are not limited to, the following:

- Molecular pathogenesis and biological insights into AML;

- Diagnostic algorithms and advancements;

- Clinical trials exploring innovative therapeutic approaches;

- Novel therapeutic targets and immunotherapy in AML;

- Guideline recommendations for diagnosis and management, considering the era of novel drugs;

- Novel strategies in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).

All submitted articles will undergo a rigorous peer review process to ensure the highest scientific quality and relevance to this field. We encourage contributions from researchers, clinicians, and experts in the fields of breast cancer research and oncology.

Your contributions to this Special Issue will contribute to the collective understanding and progress in the field of AML treatment. We look forward to receiving your submissions.

Should you have any questions, require further information, or need any assistance, please do not hesitate to reach out to us. We are here to support and facilitate your participation in this Special Issue.

Thank you for your attention to this matter, and we look forward to receiving your valuable submissions.

Dr. Semra Aydin
Dr. Raheel Iftikhar
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Cancers is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • AML treatment
  • allogeneic HSCT
  • novel targeted therapeutic agents
  • diagnostic
  • treatment strategies

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 1292 KiB  
Article
The Evolution of Treatment Policies and Outcomes for Patients Aged 60 and Older with Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Population-Based Analysis over Two Decades
by Benno Diekmann, Nic Veeger, Johanne Rozema, Robby Kibbelaar, Bas Franken, Yasemin Güler, Bram Adema, Eric van Roon and Mels Hoogendoorn
Cancers 2024, 16(23), 3907; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16233907 - 21 Nov 2024
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 965
Abstract
Background: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a malignancy of the bone marrow with a median age at diagnosis of 70 years. AML is difficult to treat, especially in older patients, among whom outcomes have historically been poor. Over the last two decades, a [...] Read more.
Background: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a malignancy of the bone marrow with a median age at diagnosis of 70 years. AML is difficult to treat, especially in older patients, among whom outcomes have historically been poor. Over the last two decades, a greater understanding of the molecular mechanisms of the pathology has led to the development of new drugs and multiple updates to treatment guidelines. Methods: A population-based retrospective cohort study was conducted for all patients aged 60 and older who were newly diagnosed with AML (n = 370) as defined by the European Leukemia Net 2022 criteria in Friesland, a Dutch province, between 2005 and 2023. Results: In this cohort of patients with a median age of 73 years, complete bone marrow analysis to classify the AML according to ELN increased in time from 49% (2005–2011) to 86% (2022–2023). The rate of patients receiving antileukemic therapy increased over time (2005–2011: 19%; 2012–2016: 64%; 2017–2021: 75%; 2022–2023: 74%), mainly driven by the introduction of hypomethylating agents. Over these time periods, the use of intensive chemotherapy (13%, 27%, 27%, and 5%) and rates of stem cell transplantation (3%, 9%, 27%, and 14%) underwent similar development as more patients were deemed eligible for these interventions from 2012 onwards, but usage declined again after the introduction of venetoclax in 2022. The median overall survival was 3.7, 7.3, 8.0, and 9.4 months over the four time periods, respectively. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates how outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed AML aged 60 and older improved over the last two decades. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancements in Treatment Approaches for AML)
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15 pages, 2303 KiB  
Article
The Immunomodulatory Effect of Different FLT3 Inhibitors on Dendritic Cells
by Sebastian Schlaweck, Alea Radcke, Sascha Kampmann, Benjamin V. Becker, Peter Brossart and Annkristin Heine
Cancers 2024, 16(21), 3719; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16213719 - 4 Nov 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1348
Abstract
Background: FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) mutations or internal tandem duplication occur in 30% of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cases. In these cases, FLT3 inhibitors (FLT3i) are approved for induction treatment and relapse. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT) remains the recommended post-induction [...] Read more.
Background: FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) mutations or internal tandem duplication occur in 30% of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cases. In these cases, FLT3 inhibitors (FLT3i) are approved for induction treatment and relapse. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT) remains the recommended post-induction therapy for suitable patients. However, the role of FLT3i therapy after alloHSCT remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated the three currently available FLT3i, gilteritinib, midostaurin, and quizartinib, in terms of their immunosuppressive effect on dendritic cells (DCs). DCs are professional antigen-presenting cells inducing T-cell responses to infectious stimuli. Highly activated DCs can also cause complications after alloHSCT, such as triggering Graft versus Host disease, a serious and potentially life-threatening complication after alloHSCT. Methods: To study the immunomodulatory effects on DCs, we differentiated murine and human DCs in the presence of FLT3i and performed immunophenotyping by flow cytometry and cytokine measurements and investigated gene and protein expression. Results: We detected a dose-dependent immunosuppressive effect of midostaurin, which decreased the expression of costimulatory markers like CD86, and found a reduced secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-12, TNFα, and IL-6. Mechanistically, we show that midostaurin inhibits TLR and TNF signaling and NFκB, PI3K, and MAPK pathways. The immunosuppressive effect of gilteritinib was less pronounced, while quizartinib did not show truncation of relevant signaling pathways. Conclusions: Our results suggest different immunosuppressive effects of these three FLT3i and may, therefore, provide an additional rationale for optimal maintenance therapy after alloHSCT of FLT3-positive AML patients to prevent infectious complications and GvHD mediated by DCs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancements in Treatment Approaches for AML)
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14 pages, 737 KiB  
Article
WT1 Expression Is Associated with Poor Overall Survival after Azacytidine and DLI in a Cohort of Adult AML and MDS Patients
by Semra Aydin, Jennifer Schmitz, Chiara M. Dellacasa, Irene Dogliotti, Luisa Giaccone and Alessandro Busca
Cancers 2024, 16(17), 3070; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16173070 - 4 Sep 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1083
Abstract
Introduction: Post-transplant relapse of acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome faces restricted effective salvage regimens. We retrospectively analyzed the use of Azacitidine–donor lymphocyte infusion (AZA/DLI) in this setting. Furthermore, data on bone marrow Wilms tumor gene 1 (WT1) expression were collected. Methods: A [...] Read more.
Introduction: Post-transplant relapse of acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome faces restricted effective salvage regimens. We retrospectively analyzed the use of Azacitidine–donor lymphocyte infusion (AZA/DLI) in this setting. Furthermore, data on bone marrow Wilms tumor gene 1 (WT1) expression were collected. Methods: A Cox proportional hazards model, an outcome-oriented approach for the lowest smoothed plot of the martingale residuals, was performed for the cut-point determination of the respective WT1 expression levels. Finally, a Cox proportional hazards model investigated the association of overall survival (OS) with predictors. Results: An overall response of 41.4% with a median duration of 11.9 months for stable disease and 19.5 months for complete response (CR) patients was achieved. The disease risk index (DRI) high-/very high-risk patients had a shorter OS of 4.4 months than intermediate-risk patients, with 14.5 months, p = 0.007. At transplant, WT1-overexpressing patients (>150 copies) had a shorter median OS of 5.3 months than low-WT1-expressing ones, with 13.5 months, p = 0.024. Furthermore, patients with ≤1000 WT1 copies at relapse had a significantly longer OS with 15.3 months than patients overexpressing WT1, with 4.4 months, p = 0.0002. Conclusions: DRI and WT1 expression associate significantly with OS after AZA/DLI. Hence, WT1 may represent an MRD marker, especially in CR patients at high risk. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancements in Treatment Approaches for AML)
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