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Long-Term Health Outcomes and Quality of Life in Survivors of Childhood Cancer

A special issue of Cancers (ISSN 2072-6694). This special issue belongs to the section "Pediatric Oncology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 August 2026 | Viewed by 3260

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Esteban Orenes-Piñero

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology-A, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
2. Proteomic Unit IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
Interests: proteomics; cancer; childhood cancer survivors; environment; nutrition; elderly; COVID-19; biochemistry; molecular biology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Childhood cancer is a leading cause of pediatric mortality worldwide, with its importance stemming from its impact on both the affected children and their families. Although the incidence of childhood cancer has risen in recent years, the number of survivors has also increased with the advent of novel research techniques and treatment approaches. The main problem facing these patients is not only overcoming the disease, but also managing the post-illness recovery process, since there are many factors that influence total recovery. The systematic use of treatment protocols has improved childhood cancer cure rates, with a survival rate of about 85%. The protocols used are multicentric and based those that have previously demonstrated utility; however, it is necessary to assess their toxicity and benefits. The main objective of treatment must be total recovery with the fewest possible adverse effects.

The motivation behind this Special Issue is to describe various methods and treatments that can be used to assess the best quality of life for childhood cancer survivors. Topics of interest include nutrition, the environment, pollutants, chemotherapy, and air and water purification, among others.

This Special Issue welcomes reviews as well as original research articles, which should be submitted by 30 August 2026.

Dr. Esteban Orenes-Piñero
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Cancers is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • acute lymphoblastic leukemia
  • brain tumors
  • childhood cancer survivors
  • pollutants
  • environment
  • quality of life
  • nutrition
  • chemotherapy
  • air and water purification

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Review

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19 pages, 462 KB  
Review
Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome in Childhood Leukemia and in Long-Term Survivors: Causes and Personalized Treatments
by Francisco José Corominas-Herrero, Diana Navas-Carrillo, Juan Antonio Ortega-García, Isabel Martínez-Romera and Esteban Orenes-Piñero
Cancers 2025, 17(21), 3446; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers17213446 - 27 Oct 2025
Viewed by 1643
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) remains the most frequent pediatric malignancy, accounting for approximately 34% of all pediatric cancers, with remarkable improvements in survival (approximately 85%) due to advances in chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and supportive care. However, as survival rates have increased, new challenges have [...] Read more.
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) remains the most frequent pediatric malignancy, accounting for approximately 34% of all pediatric cancers, with remarkable improvements in survival (approximately 85%) due to advances in chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and supportive care. However, as survival rates have increased, new challenges have emerged—particularly the growing prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome among survivors. This review compiles evidence from the past decade on the relationship between leukemia treatment, obesity, and metabolic risk. The findings indicate that cranial radiotherapy, corticosteroid use, and younger age at diagnosis are key risk factors for excessive weight gain and long-term metabolic disturbances. Genetic factors such as FTO, MC4R, and LEPR polymorphisms may further influence susceptibility to obesity. Nutritional analyses highlight poor diet quality, insufficient micronutrient intake, and high-fat, energy-dense dietary patterns in survivors. Beyond endocrine dysfunction, obesity and metabolic syndrome are associated with elevated cardiovascular morbidity and reduced quality of life. Personalized medicine approaches—integrating genomics, metabolomics, and lifestyle data—hold promise for targeted prevention and intervention strategies. Early detection, continuous metabolic monitoring, and health education remain essential components in the long-term management of childhood leukemia survivors. In this review, we analyzed the dietary patterns of children and long-term leukemia survivors explaining why higher rates of obesity and comorbidities appear during or after treatments, and discussed interventions to prevent these conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Long-Term Health Outcomes and Quality of Life in Survivors of Childhood Cancer)
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17 pages, 1172 KB  
Systematic Review
Obstetric Complications and Pregnancy Outcomes in Cancer Survivors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
by Charmaine Yong Ching Lee, Isaac Yongjie Sim, Chen Ee Low, Tessa Ying Zhen Tan, Abdul Fattah Lee Abdul Aziz, Zhongwei Huang, Jeremy Chee Seong Tey and Ainsley Ryan Yan Bin Lee
Cancers 2025, 17(24), 3924; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers17243924 - 8 Dec 2025
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1245
Abstract
Background: With advances in cancer diagnosis and therapy, survival after childhood and young-adult cancers has improved markedly. As survivorship extends, understanding long-term health sequelae, including obstetric outcomes, has become increasingly important. However, the reproductive safety of pregnancy following cancer remains insufficiently characterized. This [...] Read more.
Background: With advances in cancer diagnosis and therapy, survival after childhood and young-adult cancers has improved markedly. As survivorship extends, understanding long-term health sequelae, including obstetric outcomes, has become increasingly important. However, the reproductive safety of pregnancy following cancer remains insufficiently characterized. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to provide a comprehensive evaluation of obstetric outcomes following pregnancy in survivors of childhood and young-adult cancers. Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis (PROSPERO: CRD42024573707) of PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases to identify controlled studies assessing obstetric complications among female cancer survivors, published between 1 January 2000 and 31 June 2024. Random effects meta-analyses were used to estimate pooled risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Heterogeneity, subgroup analyses, and meta-regression were performed to identify sources of variation. Results: Of 6032 records screened, 16 studies involving 89,123 survivors and 21,569,191 controls were included. Cancer survivorship was associated with higher risks of preeclampsia (RR 1.37, 95% CI 1.17–1.62), gestational diabetes (RR 1.29, 95% CI 1.05–1.59), and miscarriage (RR 1.16, 95% CI 1.01–1.35), but not with anemia in pregnancy (RR 1.16, 95% CI 0.98–1.39) or hypertensive disorders (RR 1.21, 95% CI 0.99–1.49). Cancer type emerged as a potential prognostic factor for preeclampsia. Conclusions: Female cancer survivors are at significantly increased risk of major obstetric complications, underscoring the need for anticipatory preconception counselling and enhanced antenatal surveillance. Future research should delineate cancer- and treatment-specific risks to inform precision reproductive care in this growing survivorship population. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Long-Term Health Outcomes and Quality of Life in Survivors of Childhood Cancer)
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